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Chinese Civilization

Chinese Civilization . By: Tayler Benedit Sayana Mills Madeline Millard Skyler Gray . What is Block Printing?.

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Chinese Civilization

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  1. Chinese Civilization By: Tayler Benedit Sayana Mills Madeline Millard Skyler Gray

  2. What is Block Printing? • Block Printing was very common during the 9th century and was used in dictionaries as well in books. It was first used during the Tang Dynasty and was written on paper and then glued to a piece of wood.

  3. What is “Bushou”? • Bushou was invented nearly 2000 years ago by a man named Xu Shen. This is used for Character Writing which is just another way to write. Bushou means section headings and is the foundation for almost every Chinese dictionary.

  4. What type of military did the Chinese have? • The Chinese had a Calvary Military which is the oldest and largest civilizations dating back to 6000 BC. The Calvary formed in the northern part of China along the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.

  5. What changed for the military in the Tang Dynasty? • During the Tang Dynasty, the soldiers were replaced with long term soldiers. It was more practical with the economy since training new recruits is very expensive.

  6. What were the roles of women? • Women had to be a servant of their husbands and produce boys so the boys can carry out their family name • In Confucianism everyone had their own role in society and women had to produce males. If they couldn’t do that than men would usually remarry

  7. What was the purpose Confucianism? • Cornerstone of tradition Chinese culture • Created by Confucius • Lasted 2000 years • Believed he was a prophet from god. • "By exerting his mental powers to the full, man comes to understand his own nature. When he understands his own nature, he understands God."-Confucius • Confucianism was considered to be a religion and Law Codes that people had to fallow. • Li: includes rituals, propriety, etiquette, etc. • Hsiao: love within the family: love of parents for their children and of children for their parents • Yi: righteousness • Xin: honesty and trustworthiness • Jen: benevolence, humaneness towards others; the highest Confucian virtue • Chung: loyalty to the state, etc.

  8. What is Buddhism • Flourished during Han Dynasty • School of Thought • Originally from Hinduism(india) spread all over Asia • Believes in purity of the human mind and what they do. • Believes in Karma by doing good deeds instead of bad ones • When reaching a highest karma, practitioner has reached a state of nirvana and Buddha-hood • (end of suffering brought by cyclinial existence ) • Significant Buddhist: Gautama Buddha, Kuan Yin, Amitabha, Maitreya Buddha, & The Four Heavenly Kings

  9. What is Daoism (Taoism)? • Refers to a philosophical or religious tradition in which the basic concept is to establish harmony with the Tao (道), which is the mechanism of everything that exists • or way, path, or principle • Philosophy is deeply rooted, unavoidable in Chinese life • Taoist ethics emphasize the Three Jewels of the Tao: compassion, moderation, and humility • Focused on nature, relationship between humanity and cosmos; health and longevity & wuwei (action through intention) • Intended result of Daoism rules and practices: Harmony with the Universe

  10. What is Legalism? • Legalism was considered to be a philosophy and it was part of the codes the Chinese lived by • Legalism was a utilitarian political philosophy that did not address higher questions like the nature and purpose of life • Invented in Han Dynasty but flourished in Warring States Period • A school of law • Believed that every ruler should use three components to govern Three Governing Components: • Fa: All people are equal when it comes to the law. Laws should reward those who follow them and punish those who break them. The system of law runs the state, not the ruler, which can make even weak rulers strong. • Shu: Special tactics are used to help the ruler stay in power. It’s important that no one can understand the ruler’s motives and that they don’t know which actions will help them get ahead of the ruler. • Shi: The position of ruler holds power. That makes it important for them to analysis trends, context and facts for them to be a real ruler.

  11. What did the Chinese trade? • The Chinese biggest item of trade was silk that is how the silk road got its name because that is the route they would take to go and trade silk across what is now Asia and Europe. • Silk that came from China became known for being very luxurious and in high demand • The Silk Road was the once of the first forms of international trade.

  12. What did the Civil Service Exam have to do with China’s economy?

  13. What was the Chinese Weight & Measurement System? • The Chinese would use their limbs as a way of measuring the length of an object • The length of a forearm is one “chi” & the length of a finger is one “cun” • How much a hand could hold was a “ju” & two handfuls was considered a “yi” • The eventually started to use the measurements of celebrities forearms and hands which were eventually used by everyone

  14. What was the Tang Dynasty’s Class System? • 8 basics social classes • The emperor and his family were most powerful • Next came the aristocracy and then the bureaucracy • The bureaucracy was divided in two levels of honor, scholars and functionaries • Next were the servants in the emperors palace, they were called eunuchs • Then came clergy and then peasants and then traders and artisans • Slaves were the lowest in the social structure • Laws ensured that each social class behaved in a manner that fit their class • These laws told what each group was allowed to wear and own • Women had more respect and power • Examinations could be given to men of low social standing to improve their lot through hard work and ability

  15. What is the Great Wall of China? • First built in the 7th century B.C • It has been rebuilt and modified for almost 2,000 years throughout Chinas history • Most of the wall you see today was built during the Ming Dynasty, from (1368-1644) • It extends from the yellow sea in the east to the Gobi desert in the west • It is twisted like a dragons tail and it goes on for thousands of miles • Watch towers rise every 200 to 300 yards • Hundreds of thousands of peasants hauled and dumped millions of tins of stone dirt and rubble to fill the middle of the wall. • Each section of the wall rose to a height of 20 to 25 feet. • The wall was built to keep northern nomads from attacking China. • The peasants were not paid for their work, they were given the chose to help with the wall or die. • Many died anyways while working on the wall do to the harsh winter weather and crushing labor.

  16. How did Qin Shi Huangdi help China develop? • In 221 B.C the Qin ruler took the name Shi Huangdi, which means “First Emperor”. • He stopped internal battles, and formed armies to stop Northern invaders. He also demolished resistance within China. • He doubled Chinas size and was determined to unify China • Introduce a policy called “strengthening trunk and weakening branches. Which was his plan to destroy the power rival warlords

  17. How does the Dynasty Cycle work? • New dynasty gains power and restores peace an d order, and claims to have Mandate of Heaven. • Strong dynasty establishes peace and prosperity; it is considered to have Mandate of heaven. • In time the dynasty becomes corrupt and raises taxes; power grows weak. • Disaster hits, such as floods, famines, peasant revolts and invasions occur. • Old dynasty is said to have lost the Mandate of Heaven, Rebellion is justified. • Dynasty is overthrown through rebellion and bloodshed and then a new dynasty emerges. • This is the cycle that all Chinese dynasties went through.

  18. How did the Han Dynasty come to be called “Golden Age”? • Built off the Qin Dynasty • Was not as harsh as the Qin Dynasty • Art and literature flourished • Technological advances, paper and porcelain were invented • Formed a very strong military and expanded westward as far as the Tarim Basin • Exported silk to the Roman Empire • Collapsed by 200 A.D because it was un able to adjust to a growing population, increasing wealth and resultant financial difficulties and complex political institutions

  19. What is the Mandate of Heaven? • The divine approval of the gods, given to a ruler. • The ruler could lose The Mandate of Heaven if he is wicked or foolish and they would lose the right to rule.

  20. What does the Yellow River mean to the Chinese? • Has played an essential role in the development of the civilization • For thousands of years, it has been called the Mother of the Chinese nation • Chinese see themselves as the children of the Yellow River • Yellow River drainage basin is the birthplace of Chinese nation • The River has been the center of culture, politics and economy since the Xia and Shang Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty • Yellow River civilization came in being between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC • River passes through grasslands, deserts, splitting the Loess Plateau and moistening the land

  21. Work Cited • "Measurement Units of Ancient China." Cultural China. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://history.cultural-china.com/en/58History2758.html>. • Beck, Roger B, et al. World History Patterns Of Interacction. Evanston : Mcdougallittell , 2006. N. pag. Print. • “introduction to han dynasty .” history if china . N.p., 2007. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.history-of-china.com/dynasty/>. • “Tang Dynasty Social Structure .” totally history . N.p., 2011. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://totallyhistory.com/dynasty-social-structure/>. • "Silk Road." Wikipedia. N.p., 17 Jan. 2012. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Silk_Road>. • "Silk." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk#China>. • "Ancient Chinese Examination System." A Modest Proposal. N.p., 23 June 1998. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://leavis.tripod.com/china.htm>. • Crozier, Justin. "A Unique Experiment." Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. • "Legalism (Chinese philosophy)." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)>. • "Confucianism." Travel China Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/religion/confucianism/>. • "Buddhism." Discovery Channel. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.yourdiscovery.com/ ancient_china/religion/buddhism/index.shtml>.

  22. Work Cited • "Taoism." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism>. • "History of Chinese Invention - The Invention of Block Printing ." Computer Smiths. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.computersmiths.com/chineseinvention/blockprint.htm>. • "Chinese Characters and Culture." Zhongwen. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.zhongwen.com/>. • "Ancient Chinese Military." Ancient Military. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.ancientmilitary.com/ancient-chinese-military.htm>. • "Tang Dynasty." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Tang_Dynasty#Military_and_foreign_policy>. • "Yellow River Civilization." Travel China Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.travelchinaguide.com/river/yellow/civilization.htm>. • "Introduction to Han Dynasty." History of China. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. <http://www.history-of-china.com/han-dynasty/>.

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