Th e History of Physical Education

1. The History of Physical Education High School Students Michael Schatzman

2. What is Phys Ed? Physical education is a part of education which gives instructions in the development and care of the body ranging from simple callisthenic exercises to a course of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics and the performance and management of athletics games.

3. Goals Demonstrate competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of physical activities; Demonstrate understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities; Participate regularly in physical activity; Achieve and maintain a health-enhancing level of physical fitness; Exhibit responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings. Value physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression and/or social interaction.

4. Brief History 19th Century -Growing popularity of physical education programs all across Europe where gymnastics and calisthenics were very popular. American schools looked to follow the European model by incorporating physical education in schools. 1820 -Schools focused on hygiene training and development of human body. 1950 over 400 institutes had introduced majors in physical education. Physical Education became a formal requirement following the civil war.

5. Johann Bernhard Basedow First to recognize the importance of exercise in the United States Required a specific uniform for his students to allow unrestricted movement Offered a camp for 2 months during the summer for the children

6. Charles Beck The first teacher of physical education to appear in America was a German named Charles Beck. Beck decided to promote physical education across the world In 1825, Beck was hired by the Round Hill School in Northampton, Massachusetts, becoming the first official physical education teacher in the United States. The school contained a gymnasium, and Beck primarily taught German gymnastics.

7. Dio Lewis Did more to promote physical education than any other individual Wanted the feeble, old, fat, frail and women to have a system they could use Opened the Normal Institute of Physical Education in Boston Invented bean bags and wooden dumbells Used music to enhance his exercises

8. Amherst College January 1st 1861 Amherst College in Amherst, MA becomes first college to establish a physical eduaction program. Previously bounded by religious prohibitions, this was a big improvement because the importance of exercise and fitness began to become accepted.

9. Games & Actvitiesin 1800’s Skip Away Chasingers Charlie Over the Water Frog in the Middle Hat Ball Blind Man’s Buff

10. Games & Actvities of 1900-1920 Midnight Roll Ball Spider Huntsman Brownies and Fairies Frog in the Sea The Lost Child

11. Old PE VS New PE Small groups adequate equipment All students have opportunities for success Health related Teacher as coach/guide Emphasis on cooperation Grades based on self-improvement, self-evaluation; peer assessment, skill rubrics Large groups limited equipment Skill related Teacher directed Emphasis on competition Grades based on attendance dress, skill, level, fitness scores

12. Modern Games & Actvities Kick Ball Volley Ball Basketball Capture the Flag Red Light Green Light Floor Hockey Ultimate Frisbee Badmitton

13. Purpose of Physical Education The purpose of physical education is for all students: To learn and develop fundamental movement skills To become physically fit to participate regularly in physical activity To know the implications of and the benefits from involvement in physical activities To appreciate the value of physical activity and its contributions to a healthy lifestyle

14. Importance of Phys Ed • Reduced Risk of Heart Failure • Improved Physical Fitness • Weight Reduction • Self Discipline • Skill Development • Stress Reduction • Development of Lifetime Skills and Activities

15. Qualities of a Good Phys Ed Program - Should Include the Following Three Things : Opportunities for students to learn (time, equipment) Meaningful Content (variety, understanding) Appropriate Instruction (inclusion, practice, assessment)

16. Physical Activity Facts • The percentage of overweight children has more than doubled since the early 1970s. • Physical inactivity and poor diet account for an estimated 300,000 deaths per year. • Inactive children are more likely to become inactive adults. • The cost of overweight and obesity to the U.S. economy is $117 billion annually in direct and indirect medical costs.

17. Health Benefits Increases self-confidence & self – esteem Gives students more energy Improves body shape Tones and firms up muscles Reduces tension & Stress Improves coordination & Balance http://www.aaps.k12.mi.us/huron.pe/health_benefits

18. Physical Fitness Testing The Physical Fitness Test includes five activities that measure muscular strength/endurance, cardio-respiratory endurance, speed, agility, and flexibility: Curl ups - This activity measures abdominal strength and endurance. Sit & Reach - This activity measures flexibility of the lower back and hamstrings. Mile Run/Walk - This activity measures heart/lung endurance. Shuttle Run - This activity measures speed and agility. Pull ups - This activity measures upper body strength and endurance.

19. What to Wear • Most schools require students to change into athletic clothes of their own while others require a uniform. • Uniform Consist of • Shirts in the school color • Shorts in the school color • Athletic Sneakers

20. Why Do Children need PE Physical education is an integral part of the total education of every child in Kindergarten through Grade 12. Quality physical education programs are needed to increase the physical competence, health-related fitness, self-responsibility and enjoyment of physical activity for all students so that they can be physically active for a lifetime. Physical education programs can only provide these benefits if they are well-planned and well-implemented.