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Alaska Peninsula

Katmai N.P. Alaska Peninsula. Alaska Range. Volcanic Arc. Aleutian Islands. Alaska Range. Forearc Basin. Alaska Range. Accretionary Wedge. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20 th century. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA

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Alaska Peninsula

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  1. Katmai N.P. Alaska Peninsula

  2. Alaska Range Volcanic Arc Aleutian Islands

  3. Alaska Range Forearc Basin

  4. Alaska Range Accretionary Wedge

  5. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA • 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20th century

  6. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA • 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20th century

  7. Katmai Caldera 1915 Burj-Dubai 2,684 ft

  8. Katmai Caldera, 1990 1.5 km

  9. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA • 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20th century • From Novarupta vent 10 km away!

  10. 10 km

  11. Inferred size of magma chamber 10 km

  12. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA • 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20th century • From Novarupta vent 10 km away! • Tephra fall caused flooding • Stream aggradation

  13. Soluka Creek Katmai River

  14. Ash-laden and aggrading Katmai River, 1915

  15. I’m glad I put on clean underwear today.

  16. Ash-laden and aggrading Soluka Creek, 1915

  17. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA • 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20th century • From Novarupta vent 10 km away! • Tephra fall caused flooding • Stream aggradation • Failure of landslide-created dams

  18. Trees beheaded by flood due to landslide dam failure

  19. Trees beheaded by flood due to landslide dam failure AGGRADED SEDIMENT

  20. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA • 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20th century • From Novarupta vent 10 km away! • Tephra fall caused flooding • Stream aggradation • Failure of landslide-created dams • Pyroclastic flows create “Valley of 10,000 Smokes” • 30 – 200m thick

  21. 99% of ash 1% of ash

  22. 30 m thick 200 m thick?

  23. Pyroclastic flow

  24. Katmai chakra adjustment

  25. Pumice lapilli colored by hydrothermal alteration

  26. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA • 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20th century • From Novarupta vent 10 km away! • Tephra fall caused flooding • Stream aggradation • Failure of landslide-created dams • Pyroclastic flows create “Valley of 10,000 Smokes” • 30 – 250m thick • “Smoke” = groundwater steam

  27. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA • 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20th century • From Novarupta vent 10 km away! • Tephra fall caused flooding • Stream aggradation • Failure of landslide-created dams • Pyroclastic flows create “Valley of 10,000 Smokes” • 30 – 250m thick • “Smoke” = groundwater steam • Active for 15 years • Katmai Caldera = ½ scale Crater Lake • Novarupta Dome is the most silicic dome on earth

  28. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA • 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20th century • From Novarupta vent 10 km away! • Tephra fall caused flooding • Stream aggradation • Failure of landslide-created dams • Pyroclastic flows create “Valley of 10,000 Smokes” • 30 – 250m thick • “Smoke” = groundwater steam • Active for 15 years • Katmai Caldera

  29. Katmai Caldera Today

  30. Cinder cone

  31. Submerged cinder cone

  32. Trident volcano Novarupta

  33. KATMAI / NOVARUPTA • 1912 eruption was largest of the entire 20th century • From Novarupta vent 10 km away! • Tephra fall caused flooding • Stream aggradation • Failure of landslide-created dams • Pyroclastic flows create “Valley of 10,000 Smokes” • 30 – 250m thick • “Smoke” = groundwater steam • Active for 15 years • Katmai Caldera = scaled down Crater Lake • Novarupta Dome is the most silicic dome on earth

  34. Novarupta Dome in 1915

  35. Falling Mountain Novarupta Dome Broken Mountain

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