Ivan Ganchev 1 , Mairtin O’Droma 1 , Damien Meere 1 , Stanimir Stojanov 2 , Mícheál Ó hAodha 1

1. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Ivan Ganchev1, Mairtin O’Droma1, Damien Meere1, Stanimir Stojanov2, Mícheál Ó hAodha1 1 University of Limerick,2 University of Plovdiv

2. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Outline • Main components of a service architecture needed to support m-Teaching and m-Learning the DeLC. • Enhanced DeLC network model illustrating how the supporting communications infrastructure provides intelligent mobile services for library users and information seekers across the University campus. • Highlight some pilot mobile services, detailing the interactions which occur between the different network entities during service provision • Discussion of iimplementation issues and proposal for a re-engineering approach The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

3. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Introduction • Modern mobile communications devices exhibit major potential for: • Integration in the spheres of learning, • Campus-wide communication • Social inclusion/cohesion of society as a whole. • e-learning is being enhanced by this communicative potential to become m-learning. The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

4. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Introduction • Mobile technologies are being used to revolutionize learning and provide discontinuous rather than incremental learning opportunities in libraries and campuses worldwide. • Although most students nowadays use mobile phones, there has, to date, been relatively little activity in integrating them into the realm of mobile learning and the learning and library/information environments. • Yet these new m-learning technologies (i.e. mobile devices and wireless communications) has the ability to transform and greatly enhance modern learning practices The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

5. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services DeLC Network Model The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

6. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services DeLC Network Model • Mobile devices: house intelligent agents which act as personal assistants for mobile users (e.g. cellular phones, PDAs, laptops) • InfoStations: deployed in the University library and at other key information points throughout the campus and providing network access/connectivity for mobile users with wireless devices. • InfoStations’ Center: controls all InfoStations and provides updating and synchronizing information. The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

7. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services DeLC Network Model DeLC communication infrastructure supporting m-Learning and m-Teaching: The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

8. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services DeLC ACCESS WIRELESS NETWORKS • The following access wireless network types are considered to allow users access m-Learning and m-Teaching within DeLC: • Cellular Networks • 2G, (GSM) – supports data rates up to 14.4 Kbps • 2.5G • GPRS – supports data rates up to 56-114 Kbps • EDGE – supports data rates up to 384 Kbps. • 3G – supports data rates up to 384 Kbps • Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15) - The coverage is less than 10m. The supported data rate is 1 Mbps and up to 2 Mbps in the second generation of Bluetooth; The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

9. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services DeLC Access Wireless Networks • The following access wireless network types are considered to allow users access m-Learning and m-Teaching within DeLC: • WLAN (IEEE 802.11a/b/g) – Wireless Local Area Networks provide high data rates, 11Mbps with IEEE 802b and 54 Mbps with IEEE 802.11a/g. • WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) – is a “WMAN” or “Wireless Metropolitan Area Network” capable of providing high-speed wireless networking (75Mbps) over great distances (~30 miles), and supporting a great number of users (in the order of thousands) The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

10. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services DeLC Mobile Services • Services users may access utilizing their mobile devices • These context-aware services understand the users’ context: • user location, • information environment, • mobility attributes required/requested, • courses/modules users are engaged in, • issues of time-criticality, • goal-driven sequencing of tasks engaged in by the user, • environmental context issues such as classmates and/or librarian/educator interactions. The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

11. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Intelligent Message Notification • Allows the broadcast of MMS/SMS messages to a group of users, • Message notification sent by lecturer to a class of students about canceling/postponing the lecture, • Message sent by librarian announcing a library demonstration. The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

12. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Intelligent Message Notification Interactions The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

13. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Intelligent Phone Call • Allows a DeLC user to make a phone call to other DeLC users in the most convenient and cheapest manner. Depending on called user’s location, the calling user has a number of options to call him/her: • If colleague is off-campus but connected to the Internet. Call is made over the Internet using Internet Telephony / VoIP technology (cheapest option but with worst quality) • If colleague on the campus (with a laptop or Bluetooth enabled cellular phone, or currently working on multimedia PC in the library or lab/office). Call is made over the University Intranet free of charge. • By using cellular and/or telephone network – more expensive way, but with better quality. The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

14. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Intelligent Phone Call Communications Infrastructure supporting the Intelligent Phone call service: The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

15. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Intelligent mTest • mTest provides a means of evaluating the students’ acquired knowledge and provides valuable feedback to students concerning their progress. • mTest also allows the educator to analyze, shape and enhance the learning experience of the students, ensuring them an optimal environment within which to learn. • In order for this service to be successful, synchronization of the off-line eLearning process with the on-line mLearning process is imperative. • Synchronization is especially important within the InfoStations paradigm due to the geographically intermittent nature of the connection. The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

16. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Intelligent mTest Interactions The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

17. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Intelligent Mobile Services • There are a number of other services being developed along with the aforementioned services, such as: • mLectures- (Mobile access to adaptable Hypermedia lecture content) • Private chat- (Instant Messaging across InfoStations System) • Intelligent parking locator- (Provides the locations of, and directions to free parking spaces throughout the campus) • Mobile access to library catalougues- (Provides users on-the-move access to library catalogue services) The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

18. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Implementation Issues • For the realization of these mobile services a significant enhancement to the existing DeLC architecture is required along. • To achieve this goal, the first version of the DeLC system will be re-engineered into an architecture with the capabilities of facilitating the aforementioned services as mobile web services. • This will lead to a more open information environment, supporting context-based discovery and access to user’s personal information. • The flexibility and intelligence of the system will be enhanced through introduction of intelligent agents, which communicate with the functional modules, implemented as Web-services/library modules. The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

19. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Implementation Issues • Our re-engineering process includes the following steps: • Expanding the set of services (deployed on DeLC nodes) with additional services needed to provide three types of interfaces respectively to: • The existing server parts of services, e.g. central academic time schedule, intelligent diaries etc; • The InfoStations/library work stations; • The users mobile devices. • Development of InfoStationsoftware concerning intermediate processing of information needed for identification of users and services. The software could be agent- or service-oriented according to the model chosen in the server part; The First International m-libraries Conference13th -14th November 2007 at the Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

20. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Implementation Issues • Creation of the client part of the mobile services, i.e. development of personal helpers (for users) implemented as intelligent agents; • Setting up communication between the client part (personal helpers) and the server part (Web-services) by the means of the OWL-S protocol. • The use of the OWL-S as a protocol for interaction between the software components (deployed on different DeLC nodes) offers a good opportunity for the realization of a software architecture with sufficient flexibility and offering a suitable environment for the support of a variety of mobile services.

21. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Implementation Issues • The efficient interaction between the three parties involved in the execution of mobile services (i.e. InfoStations’ Centre, InfoStations, library workstations and mobile devices) is another important issue on which we have to focus. • According to the OWL-S specification, each service could be described in three abstract levels: • Service profile, which describes what the service performs (including information about the service’s inputs, outputs, preconditions, and other features, that can be used for advertising, discovery, and matchmaking of the appropriate service); • Service model, which shows how the service works. This is an expansion and more detailed specification of the service profile;

22. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Implementation Issues • Grounding, which describes how the service can be used and also specifies a communication protocol that can be used for the direct activation of the service. Possible groundings include: SOAP, Java remote call, KQML, CORBA IDL • We propose a distributed treatment of the OWL-S specification, where the exact scheme of distribution will depend on the chosen approach. • In both cases however the third abstract level of the services will be supported and processed in the DeLC nodes / InfoStations’ Centre, because the run-time module of the nodes is aware of the physical location of the services, and activates and controls their actual processing.

23. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Implementation Issues • One of the main issues concerning the service implementation is that of the creation of User Profile and User Service Profile. • “Composite Capabilities/ Preference Profile” (CC/PP) is a platform-independent, uniform format for the implementation of these profiles. • Based on the Resource Description Framework (RDF). • Structured framework for devices to make known their capabilities, as well as particular preferences of the user. • As such, allows the host of that particular service (i.e. InfoStation or InfoStation Canter), to customize and tailor the content of the service to suit a requesting target device.

24. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Implementation Issues • Provides device independence. – we can write device independent code, and provides ease of usage for user’s themselves. • Need for Individual personalisation, CC/PP allows users to control relevant attributes conveying their own preferences. • User Agent Profile (UAProf) is a concrete implementation of the CC/PP, developed by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) aimed at WAP enabled mobile terminals. • Facilitates the end-to-end flow of Capability and Preference Information (CPI) from the mobile device through to the InfoStations and eventually to the InfoStation Centre.

25. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Implementation Issues • Provides information for the pre-adaptation of content before delivery to the target device. • Defines such characteristics as: • Hardware characteristics • Software characteristics • Network characteristics • WAP characteristics • Push characteristics • As well as these, we ourselves can define components, which may be necessary within our own implementation of the UAProf.

26. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Implementation Issues • Within this University-based system it may be necessary to define a number of user related attributes such as • User name, • Course or classes of a student, • The individuals role (Educator or Student) would specify certain privileges. • Business Support Domain on the InfoStation Centre. • Circulation of updated user and service profiles.

27. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Conclusion and Future Work • The main elements of the DeLC service architecture providing better support for m-Learning and m-Teaching have been described in this paper. • The re-engineering of the original DeLC architecture into one with the capabilities of facilitating the services as intelligent mobile web services has been described. • The new m-learning architectures we have analysed are emerging as one of the most promising technologies for supporting learning and information acquisition in a University or library/information context.

28. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Conclusion and Future Work • The collaborative potential of these emerging technologies such as we have described can support educators/librarians with new possibilities for information acquisition that can be utilised by their customer-base as follows: • It can provide learners/library users with new mobile computational tools to explore and share their knowledge with other peers • Provide teachers/librarians with new communication channels so as to visualize students’ ideas and suggestions • Foster collaboration among students, students and teachers, and among students and librarians/other information providers

29. M-Learning and m-Teaching Architectures and the Integration of Evolving Educational Support e-Services Questions