Savings & Investments

1. ECON 11 CHAPT 10 Savings & Investments

2. INTRODUCTION Most people have to work for their money. Once they have earned it, they have an important choice to make:  spend it all, or  set aside some money so it can work for them. Whether your income is small or large, setting aside some of it for investments requires self-discipline. You decide to postpone buying certain things you'd like to have now in order to enjoy the longer term benefits of having your money work for you through savings and investments.

3. INTRODUCTION The current personal savings rate a year ago in Canada on average was 1.3%. It was negative during the first three quarters of 2005. Teenagers and adults who begin the savings habit early are more likely to have money available for things they want in the future. Making your money work for you is what saving and investing is all about. You can measure your investment success by keeping track of how well you make your money work.

4. KEY CONCEPTS • Reasons to save and places to accumulate savings. • Common investment options. • Factors to consider when selecting savings and investments. • The "time value of money" concept and its usefulness for investors.

5. EXERCISE 1.  A certificate of deposit must be held for a set amount of time such as six months or a year. 2.  Compound interest refers to money earned from buying a tax-exempt investment. 3. A share of stock represents ownership in a company.

6. EXERCISE 4.  A mutual fund is an investment issued by a state or local government agency. 5.  Compound interest makes money grow faster. 6.  Treasury bonds are a safer investment than real estate.

7. TOPIC 1 —Why People Save and Invest Agenda: • Exercise • Vocabulary • Why Save/Benefits of Saving • Savings Tips Objective: • Students will learn why they should save. • Students will learn where to invest their savings.

8. VOCABULARY Annual Percentage Yield (APY) APY is the amount of interest you will earn on a yearly basis expressed as a percentage. The APY includes the effect of compounding. When comparing different accounts, you should compare the APYs of the savings products, not the interest rates. Bonds When you purchase a bond, you are essentially loaning money to a corporation or to the government for a certain period of time, called a term. The bond certificate promises the corporation or government will repay you on a specific date with a fixed rate of interest.

9. VOCABULARY Certificates of Deposit (CDs)CDs are accounts where you leave your money for a set period of time, such as six months, one, two, or six years, called a term. Hence, called a fixed-term deposit. You usually earn a higher rate of interest than in a regular savings account. The longer the term of a CD, the higher the interest rate. You will pay a penalty if you withdraw your money early and a minimum deposit is required to open a CD. Very safe as it is backed by Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation. Diversification Diversification means you spread the risk of loss in a variety of savings and investment options. It is the concept of “don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”

10. VOCABULARY Dollar Cost Averaging - The technique of buying a fixed dollar amount of a particular investment at set intervals, regardless of the share price. More shares are purchased when prices are low, and fewer shares are bought when prices are high. The overall cost is lower than it would be if a constant number of shares were bought at the same set intervals as above. EquityWhen referring to a home, equity is the difference between how much the house is worth and how much you owe on the house.

11. VOCABULARY Guaranteed Investment Certificate - Similar to a CD for smaller amounts. An investment that provides a guaranteed rate of interest over a specific term, usually one to five years. Because of its guaranteed rate, the return is generally less than other investments such as mutual funds, stocks, and bonds. Little risk. Investment A savings option purchased for future income or financial benefit. Liquidity Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset (a thing of value) can be turned into cash without losing its value. For example, cash is the most liquid; a certificate of deposit (CD) may be liquidated, but you pay an early withdrawal penalty.

12. VOCABULARY Mutual Funds A mutual fund is a professionally managed collection of money from a group of investors. A mutual fund manager invests your money in some combination of various stocks, bonds, and other products. The fund manager determines the best time to buy and sell the products in the fund. By combining your resources with other investors in a mutual fund, you can diversify even a small investment, which should reduce risk.

13. VOCABULARY Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) - Personal retirement/pension fund that may include ANY type of investment product. Risk versus Return This means that the more risk you take in your investment, the higher the expected return on that investment. However, there is also a higher risk that you might lose the entire amount you invested. Treasury (T-) Bills - Short-term bond (up to 1 year). Does not pay interest! Instead the bill is issued/sold below its face value (called discounting) and then mature at par. The difference between the issue price and the par value is in effect the interest payment. Risk-free.

14. What People Save Money for Some major expenses people save for include: • Unexpected events such as loss of job,car repair, or medical expenses • Downpayment for a house, car, or other large purchase • College education • Vacation, and • Retirement

15. Benefits of Saving • Security - have assets for times of adversity; • Independence -developing the saving habit to promote independence • Opportunity -increased assets enable individuals to take advantage of opportunities throughout life and widen choice; • Improve your standard of living

16. Savings Tips 1. Consider need vs. wants. Think about the items you purchase on a regular basis. These add up. Where can you save? • Do you eat out at restaurants a lot? • Can you cut back on daily expenses, such as coffee, candy, soda, or cigarettes? • Do you have services you do not really need, such as a cell phone, call waiting?

17. More Savings Tips 2. Direct deposit or automatic transfer to savings. • When you get paid, put a portion in savings through direct deposit or automatic transfer. • If you have a checking account, you can sign up to have money moved into your savings account every month or some other vehicle that pays interest. What you don’t see you don’t miss? • Canada savings bonds can be purchased through payroll deduction.

18. More Savings Tips 3. Pay your bills on time. This saves the added expense of: • Late fees • Extra finance charges • Disconnection fees for phone, electricity, or other services • Fees to reestablish connection if your service is disconnected • The cost of eviction or repossession • Bill collectors

19. More Savings Tips 4. If you get a raise or bonus from your employer, save that extra money. 5. If you have paid off a loan, keep making the monthly payments to yourself. You can save or invest the money for your future goals. 6. If you receive cash as a gift, save at least part of it.

20. More Savings Tips 7. Avoid debt that does not help build long-term financial security. For example avoid borrowing money for things that do not provide financial benefits or that do not last as long as the loan. Examples include: a vacation, clothing, and dinners out in restaurants.Examples of debt that helps build long-term financial security are paying for college; buying or remodeling a house; buying a car to get to work.

21. More Savings Tips 8. Save your change at the end of the day. Take that change and deposit it into the bank (every week or month). 9. When you get a tax refund, save as much of it as possible. 10. Ifyour work offers a employer-sponsored retirement plan that deducts money from your paycheck, join it! Some employers will match up to $.50 on each dollar you contribute. The matched amount is free money!

22. More Savings Tips 11. If you decide to make investments, do your homework. Know what you are investing in. Do your due diligence. Get professional advice, if you need it. Make sure you have an emergency savings account before considering investing in non-deposit-products. You should have enough money in savings to pay for 2-6 months of expenses in case of emergency. 12. Diversify your assets!

23. More Savings Tips 13. If you own stocks, reinvest the dividends to purchase more stocks. Some companies offer an easy way to do this called a Dividend Reinvestment Program (DRIP). This process increases your investment more quickly. 14. If you are interested in learning about investing, you might want to consider an investment club. Investment clubs are groups of people who work together to understand the process and value of investing even a small amount of money (as little as $5-$10).

24. Review of Savings Tips • Consider needs vs. wants • Direct deposit to savings • Pay your bills on time • Keep making loan payments to yourself • Save extra money from raises or bonuses • Save cash gifts • Avoid debt • Diversify! Diversify! Diversify!