Civil Rights Movement

1. Civil Rights Movement Leaders and Organizations

2. Martin Luther King Jr.

3. Martin Luther King Jr. • Accomplishments: President of SCLC, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964(youngest man to win) • Method of Protest: Nonviolent such as marches and boycotts • Events: Montgomery Bus Boycott, Clash in Birmingham, March on Washington, Selma March

4. Malcolm X

5. Malcolm X • Accomplishments: founded the Muslim Mosque after leaving the Nation of Islam, gave speech The Ballot or the Bullet • Method of Protest: militant political leader (violent), spread the idea of black nationalism- belief in a separate identity and racial unity in the African American community • Changed his views after going to Mecca and seeing people of all colors worshipping together • Events:1963 Malcolm lead the Unity Rally in Harlem, gave many speeches, and also met with many important political leaders such as Fidel Castro

6. Jesse Jackson

7. Jesse Jackson • Accomplishments: full time organizer of SCLC, founded the National Rainbow Coalition, made successful attempts for democratic nomination for president in 1984 and 1988 • Method of Protest: Nonviolent like MLK, organized selective boycotts to encourage white businesses to hire black workers and buy goods from black contractors • Events: Selma March

8. Rosa Parks

9. Rosa Parks • Accomplishments: refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery Alabama which lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, called the mother of the Civil Rights Movement • Method of Protest: Nonviolent • Events: Montgomery Bus Boycott

10. NAACP • Founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Dubois, Ida Barnett, Henry Moscowitz, Oswald Villard, Mary White Ovington, and William English Walling • Used Nonviolent methods protest and were instrumental in fighting Jim Crow laws and segregation • work on behalf of all minorities to gain equal rights • Assisted in many Civil Rights events such as the Montgomery Bus boycott and Brown vs. the Board of education

11. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) • Founders were Martin Luther King and Bayard Rustin • Believed non-violent civil disobedience could gain the civil rights for African Americans • Involved in events such as Albany Movement, the Birmingham, Alabama Campaign and the March on Washington in the Summer of 1963.

13. Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC) • Began with meetings held by Ella Baker in April 1960 • SNCC played a leading role in the Freedom Rides, the 1963 March on Washington, and Mississippi Freedom Summer (nonviolent) • In the later part of the 1960s, led by fiery leaders such as Stokely Carmichael, SNCC focused on Black Power (more violent)

14. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) • founded in Chicago in 1942 by James L. Farmer, Jr., George Houser and Bernice Fisher • sought to apply the principles of nonviolence as a tactic against segregation • Events: Freedom Rides and March on Washington

15. Black Panthers

16. Black Panthers • Founded in 1966 by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton • Wanted African Americans to lead their own communities, the government to rebuild ghettos, gave rise to the slogan “Black is Beautiful” • had Violent encounters with the police, but also did things to help the community such as set up day care centers and free breakfast programs

17. Assignment: • Use information the movies, your notes, and the textbook to: • Create a comparison chart or Venn Diagram of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X • Make sure you include background information, their involvement in Civil Rights, their belief in segregation, and their methods of protest