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The Countryside

The Countryside. Population growth . Problems with estimating the population Nevertheless, there does appear to be growth over the period 1000 – 1300 (40 – 55 million in 1050 to 60 – 65 million in 1200?). Changes in agriculture . The clearing of marginal land

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The Countryside

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  1. The Countryside

  2. Population growth • Problems with estimating the population • Nevertheless, there does appear to be growth over the period 1000 – 1300 (40 – 55 million in 1050 to 60 – 65 million in 1200?)

  3. Changes in agriculture • The clearing of marginal land • The intensification of arable agriculture (the farming of cereal crops) • A risky undertaking. But it sustains population growth

  4. Medieva

  5. Risks of a cereal monoculture • Wheat exhausts the soil • The need for crop rotation • Vulnerability to famine • Balance between fields and pasture • Impoverishment of diets

  6. The topography of the village • The appearance of castles. For the protection of the lords, not for the peasants • Allow the lord to dominate the surrounding countryside • The development of nucleated settlements • The creation of peasant houses

  7. Castel Beseno, Trentino, Italy (C12th)

  8. Social relations The aristocracy becomes exclusively military in character Relations between lords and peasants become legally codified. Peasants are given land to work in exchange for labour services and other feudal dues. The development of the manorial court

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