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Growth of Stem Cells in Artificial Organs

Growth of Stem Cells in Artificial Organs. By: Chelcy Branon. What is it?. Stem cell regrowth is a process in which a patient’s stem cells are taken from their body and placed on a scaffold to grow an organ in an InBreath bioreactor.

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Growth of Stem Cells in Artificial Organs

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  1. Growth of Stem Cells in Artificial Organs By: Chelcy Branon

  2. What is it? • Stem cell regrowth is a process in which a patient’s stem cells are taken from their body and placed on a scaffold to grow an organ in an InBreath bioreactor. • Succesfully transplanted bladders and a trachea, looking to grow heart, kidney, pancreas, etc.

  3. Problems • In the United States there are over 100,000 people waiting for an organ transplant. • Risk of rejection. • Risk of injection.

  4. History • Artificial heart devices were developed in the 1970s. • Stem cell growth for artificial organs has been researched since the 1970s. • In 2006, a team at the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine in Pittsburgh successfully transplanted bladders grown in the lab for children with spina bifida. • First synthetic windpipe was inserted into a patient in 2009. • Dr. Anthony Atala and his research team at Wake Forest University Medical Center made the first lab-grown bladder.

  5. Current State of Art • 30 people have received the bladder transplant with a bladder that is grown in an incubator. Takes about 6 to 8 weeks. • Heart transplants are taking place in rats to successfully grow an artificial heart. • June 2011 a successful trachea transplant was given to patient in Sweden suffering from cancer. • Wake Forest is the world’s largest regenerative medicine research center. Currently trying to grow 22 different types of tissue: heart valves, muscle cells, arteries, and even fingers. Artificial Lung

  6. Current continued… • Dr. Nicholas Kotov and his lab at the University of Michigan have grown artificial bone marrow from stem cells; even antibodies. • May 2012: Removing adult stem cells, breaking them down into fibroblasts and rerouting them to grow into whichever tissue is needed.

  7. Saving Tissue • Bill Weir visited Dr. Tom Nelson at a clinic in Minnesota. • 80% chance he will see his own cardiac tissue beating outside of his body. • Took tissue from bone marrow and rerouted it into growing a heart. • Used to help future injuries.

  8. Neo-Bladder: Tengion: a Biotech company based outside of Philadelphia. Created the Neo-bladder, which has a 5-7 week growth span. It is currently in Phase ll testing. After phase lll, it will become commercially available. • Artificial pancreas: 23.6 million diabetic sufferers. Doctors would restore natural control of blood glucose by giving insulin. InBreath bioreactor

  9. Limitations • All organs are different per person. • Its much harder to grow organs that aren’t hollow such as kidneys, hearts and livers. • Not all organs can be duplicated depending on the condition. • Life expectancy.

  10. Future Direction • Use stem cells to generate a heart. • Making the prosthetics more permanent and to have longer expectancy. • Better preservation when being transported to lengthen the survival of the organ. • Cure for diseases and conditions such as diabetes. • Growing the cells taking days, not weeks. • Printing tissue organs. Inkjet cartridges are replaced with human cell and “smart gel.” Print out layer on top of layer to produce a 3D organ.

  11. Bibliography • "BIO-ARTIFICIAL ORGANS." Bio-Artificial Organs. 2011. Web. 26 Feb. 2012. <http://bioartificialorgans.net/>. • Burmester, Jochen Ringe, Christian Kaps, Gerd-Rüdiger, and Michael Sittinger. "Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Advances in the Engineering of Tissues and Organs." SpringerLink. Springer Science+Business Media. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.springerlink.com/content/pbel6dcqayuypy5t/>. • Niklason, Laura E., and Robert Langer. "Prospects for Organ and Tissue Replacement." Opportunities for Medical Research. American Medical Association, 26 Feb. 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. <http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/285/5/573.full.pdf>. • Saenz, Aaron. "Singularity Hub - Science, Technology, The Future of Mankind." Stem Cells Used to Grow Hearts: Cool New Pics and Vid. 23 June 2009. Web. 26 Feb. 2012. <http://singularityhub.com/2009/06/23/stem-cells-used-to-grow-hearts-cool-new-pics-and-vid/>. • Duke Medicine News and Communications. "Newly-Identified Growth Factor Promotes Stem Cell Growth, Regeneration." - DukeHealth.org. 21 Mar. 2010. Web. 26 Feb. 2012. <http://www.dukehealth.org/health_library/news/newly_identified_growth_factor_promotes_stem_cell_growth_regeneration>. • Vezina, Kenrick. "First Fully Synthetic Organ Transplant Saves Cancer Patient." Technology Review. MIT, 11 Oct. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. <http://www.technologyreview.com/news/424621/first-fully-synthetic-organ-transplant-saves/>. • Halley, Drew. "Growing Organs in the Lab | Singularity Hub." Growing Organs in the Lab | Singularity Hub. N.p., 6 Aug. 2009. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. <http://singularityhub.com/2009/06/08/growing-organs-in-the-lab/>. • Monroy, Bill Weir, C. Michael Kim, David Miller, Justin Bare & Mark. "Grow Your Own Organs." Yahoo! News. Yahoo!, 03 May 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. <http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/this-could-be-big-abc-news/grow-own-organs-173451147.html>.

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