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biodiversity. What is biodiversity?. Bio – life Diversity – variety Having a variety of life forms on our planet. D = Douglas Fir. Diverse habitats with many species are healthy and more stable. Side one =monoculture Douglas Fir trees were planted after an old growth forest was cut down.
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What is biodiversity? • Bio – life • Diversity – variety • Having a variety of life forms on our planet
Diverse habitats with many species are healthy and more stable. • Side one =monoculture • Douglas Fir trees were planted after an old growth forest was cut down. • A disease hits one of the Douglas Firs • Side two = old growth forest • C- cedar • M – maple • H – hemlock • W – white pine • B – beech • E – elm • O- Oak
Why didn't all the different trees get the disease? • Why didn't the disease spread as fast among the Douglas firs as it did in the first simulation? • In which forest would you need to use more chemicals to control disease: the Douglas fir forest or the more diversified, old growth forest? Why? • Which forest would have more diversity of wildlife? Why?
a. If you cut down the variety in a piece of forest you owned and replanted with 1 type of tree, what will happen to much of the wildlife that was adapted to that forest? (Hint: they cannot just move elsewhere. If other habitats are good, they will probably be near carrying capacity already.) Many species can only live/reproduce in 1 type of forest. The spotted owl is an example - it can only live and successfully reproduce in old growth forests(big, old cedars, hemlocks, etc.). If these old growth forests are cut down, it's unlikely this owl will survive. Environmentalists call it an "indicator" species." What does this mean? Why be concerned about 1 species? • Growing one plant, as is the case of growing only Douglas fir, is called monoculture. Give an example of growing one plant • Why would you need to use more insecticides in monoculture? Is this good or bad?
Why not destroy biodiversity • Rosy periwinkle plant provides medicine to treat cancers. • Penicillin - mold
Humans threaten biodiversity • Altering habitats – our growth can kill many species • Pollution - DDT • Hunting to extinction – tigers for medicine
Acronym • A way to help us remember. • We need to remember the 5 things responsible for the decline in biodiversity.
H – habitat destruction I – invasive species P- population growth P- pollution O - overuse
Explain the difference between a rock and a wooden plank. Include such things as physical make up and how it was made.
Biotic • Anything that was once alive
Abiotic • Something that has never lived • Placing an A in front of a word makes it not or the opposite • Atypical • Anonymous
Characteristics of living things • growth, • reproduction, • respiration, • complex chemical reactions, • cells, • movement.
Bellwork 5-8 • What are the 5 things responsible for the decline in biodiversity?
H – habitat destruction I – invasive species P- population growth P- pollution O - overuse
Invasive species – a species that is not from the area that is doing some sort of harm. • These are usually non-native
This honeysuckle bush is taking over and killing plants native to Indiana. They are very dense and make a lot of shade so other plants can’t grow.
Purple loosestrife • Takes over and kills native plants • Eliminates food and shelter for wildlife • It is illegal to buy, sell, or plant this in Indiana. • Currently taking over in 48 states
Invasive species video • http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7386464n
Why do we care? • They can hurt wildlife by eliminating the plants needed for food and shelter • Destroy habitat for rare wildflowers and animals • Indiana spends thousands of dollars each year to get rid of these invasive species • 15$ billion per year is spent in the US due to agricultural losses because of invasive plants. • $120 billion spent total
Bellwork 5-9 • What is an invasive species? • Name an example of an invasive species. • Name 2 reasons why we should care about invasive species.
vocab • Autotroph or producer – organisms make their own energy Example: grass • Heterotroph or consumer- organisms that eat others for energyExample – snake primary consumers – eat producers Secondary consumers – eat primary consumers Tertiary consumers – eat secondary consumers
Decomposer or Detritivore– feed on the waste in an ecosystem Example –bacteria
Food chain • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i2zXpeZV6k&safe=active • 18:45
Bellwork 5-15 • What is a detritivore? • What is an example of a food chain? • Which part of the food chain has the most members? • Where is the most energy in the food chain?
Biosphere- the earth and it’s atmosphere • Ecosystem- all of the living and nonliving things in an area • Community- all of the interacting organisms living in an area • Population- group of one type of organism living in an area • Organism/individual
Ecological levels of organization • Put them in order from most encompassing to least encompassing.
What is the Deer's niche? Habitat - creature's home... where a creature lives in the environment ex: wetland creature, arctic tundra plant, swamp plant etc. Niche - what a creature does to make a living in the environment... ex: what it eats is what it does to "Make a living". Another way of looking at it is a niche is how an organism gets energy to survive, ie herbivore get energy from plants to survive.
Carrying Capacity of an ecosystem is: The size of the population that can be supported with the available resources and services of that ecosystem. Living within the limits of an ecosystem depends on three factors 1. the amount of resources available in the ecosystem, 2. the size of the population, and 3. the amount of resources each individual is consuming. (ex: food, habitat, water etc)
Limiting Factors (restricting factors) - things that limit individuals in a specific population •can be abiotic(lack of water - heat etc) •or biotic ( predators, disease, competition for food)
Interrelationships between species • Symbiosis ( the study of the relationship between two or more species) 1. Mutualism a relationship where both (all) species benefit ex lichen - algae and fungi Algae get a place to live give Fungi food in form of sugar. 2. Commensalism - benefits one species, not the other species ex: orchids on tree orchid gets place to live, tree gets nothing, but doesn't lose anything either. 3. Parasitism - one species harms the other ex tapeworm harms human, mistletoe, trichina
5-17 • What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? 2. Why should you take all of the antibiotics prescribed to you by a doctor?
Succession • A series of changes in an ecosystem • Primary succession – begins in an area with no life • Secondary succession - begins as a result of natural destruction, such as fire, volcano, or flooding, or by human interference
mutualism – both organisms help one another; Ex: alligator and a dentist bird commensalism – one organism benefits and the other is not harmed or helped Ex: boxing crab and a sea anemone parasitism – one organism benefits and the other is harmed Ex: humans and lice, dogs and ticks/fleas
Predation- predator prey relationship • Competition – a contest between organisms for resources
Ecological relationship • Pbs.org/nature • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/lessons/symbiotic-strategies/video-segments-the-secret-world-of-sharks-and-rays/1496/
Nutrient cycles • Water: Required for all living things • Carbon: Required for all living organisms. • Oxygen: Photosynthesis • CO2 + H2O + Sun => Sugar + Oxygen • Nitrogen: both plants and animals need Nitrogen to build new nitrogenous bases which are the foundation of DNA.
