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Basic Chemistry

Basic Chemistry. Jennifer Pogue September 11, 2012. Atoms. The smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element. Consists of protons, neutrons & electrons. Subatomic Particles. Proton Positively charged Found in nucleus Determines identity of atom—atomic number

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Basic Chemistry

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  1. Basic Chemistry Jennifer Pogue September 11, 2012

  2. Atoms • The smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element. • Consists of protons, neutrons & electrons

  3. Subatomic Particles • Proton • Positively charged • Found in nucleus • Determines identity of atom—atomic number • Contributes to the mass of the atom

  4. Subatomic Particles • Neutron • Neutrally charged • Found in nucleus • Contributes to mass of the atom

  5. Subatomic Particles • Electron • Negatively Charged • Found in energy levels • Negligible mass • The Movers & Shakers of the atom

  6. “Happy” Atoms • Atoms want complete outer (valence) energy levels. • They gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve “happiness”. • Goal = 8 valence electrons—called an octet

  7. Elements • A substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts by ordinary means • Listed on periodic table

  8. Compounds • Atoms of two or more different elements chemically combined. • New substance has new properties.

  9. Molecules • Smallest part of a compound that has all the properties of the compound

  10. Mixtures • Two or more substances physically combined. • Substances retain individual properties.

  11. Types of Mixtures • Homogeneous—same composition throughout the sample • Heterogeneous—different composition through the sample

  12. Isotopes • Forms of an element with same number of protons but differentnumber of neutrons • Have same atomic numbers • Have different mass numbers

  13. Isotope Symbols Element Symbol Mass Number Atomic Number Mass Number = # protons + # neutrons

  14. The Difference? This carbon atom has 6 protons & 6 neutrons. This carbon atom has 6 protons & 8 neutrons.

  15. You try… • What is the symbol for an atom with 23 protons and 27 neutrons? (Assume 23 electrons.)

  16. The Answer…

  17. Ions • A charged atom • Formed when atoms gain or lose electrons

  18. Cations • Formed from metals • Left side of PT • Postively Charged atoms • Lose electrons

  19. Not these!

  20. Anions • Formed from nonmetals • Right side of PT • Negatively Charged atoms • Gain electrons

  21. Not these!

  22. Ion Symbols Charge Mass # Atomic # Charge = Protons - electrons 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons

  23. You Try… • What is the symbol for an atom that has 30 protons, 35 neutrons, and 28 electrons?

  24. How did you do?

  25. One more… • What is the symbol for an atom with 9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 10 electrons?

  26. Your answer?

  27. Bonding • Opposites attract! • Ionic bond • Metal + Nonmetal • Cation + Anion = no overall charge • Electrons change places • Covalent Bond • Nonmetal + Nonmetal • Electrons are shared between two atoms

  28. Questions?

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