Zero Emissions Strategies for Pharmaceutical Sustainability: Case Study & Implementation Plan

1. Poster Presentation Zero Emissions - Case Study Pharmaceutical Company at „Integrative Approaches Towards Sustainability“ Jurmala, May 11-14, 2005, Latvia Christian Zwatz Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology

2. Action Plan for Case Studies • Creating process flow charts • Mass and heat balances and analysis of critical points • Searching for relevant parameters • Sankey chart • Prevention and/or recycling of emissions and waste • Zero Emissions Matrix and decision tree • ZEW methods • Closed loop engineering • Heat integration and by - products • Process optimisation • List of measures • Implementation of Zero Emissions Techniques A Local Water Supply B Soften Water C Steam Boiler D Ion Exchanger E Heating for distillation holding tank F Distillation Device G Distillation holding tank H Water Cooler I Base of product J Cleaning of the batching tank K Cooling of the product L Filling M Autoclave N End product O Canalisation P Re-cooling / Air Condition X Mixture of water for cooling water recirculation Z Cooling Pond A Local Water Supply B Soften Water C Steam Boiler D Ion Exchanger E Heating for distillation holding tank F Distillation Device G Distillation holding tank H Water Cooler I Base of product J Cleaning of the batching tank K Cooling of the product L Filling M Autoclave N End product O Canalisation P Re-cooling / Air Condition X Mixture of water for cooling water recirculation Z Cooling Pond

3. Flow Chart and Critical Point critical point 1 Tape water 2 Demineralised water 3 Steam Recirculation 4 Steam 5 Distilled water 6 Product 7 End product 8 Effluent C Steam Boiler D Ion Exchanger F Distillation Device I Base of product K Cooling of the product L Filling M Autoclave Max. cooling water inlet temperature for Autoclave (M), basis for closing loops Potential for optimisation • Max. cooling time 25 min • Outlet Temperature 60°C • Permissible Inlet Temperature: 45°C Minimize Energy Consumption

4. List of Measures External Loop Cooling Pond External closed loop Outflow: V= 14000 m³/a Tout = 30°C Inflow : V= 14000 m³/a Tin = 40 – 60°C Apond = 300 m² • Max. cooling water inlet temperature - Figure 5 • for Autoclave (M), basis for the internal closed loop • Internal closed loop – Figure 3 and 4: • Cooling of the autoclave M with process water from G and H • Waste water of the cleaning process in J can be used as boiler feed water in C • Using of the complete demineralised water from D for cooling the distillation device F • Use of the industrial heat in the surrounding area

5. List of Measures • Internal closed loop • Secondary use of cooling water from the process for cooling autoclave • Water of the cleaning process can be used as boiler feed • Optimisation of the distillation device: • Using cooling water for feed

6. Poster Presentation Zero Emissions - Case Study Pharmaceutical Company at „Integrative Approaches Towards Sustainability“ Jurmala, May 11-14, 2005, Latvia Christian Zwatz Institute for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Systems Graz University of Technology