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Self-Symbol in NARS: Understanding Knowledge Representation in Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System

Explore the intricate system of NARS at Graz University of Technology, Austria, where concepts, compound terms, and inheritance are defined. Discover how the meaning of statements and terms is derived from past experiences and contextual relationships, with a focus on self-symbols and introspective events.

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Self-Symbol in NARS: Understanding Knowledge Representation in Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System

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  1. Self-Symbol in NARS (Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System) Patrick Hammer Graz University of Technology, Austria

  2. Knowledge Representation Term names a concept, e.g., bird Compound Term is composed from other terms, e.g., ([yellow] ∩ bird) Inheritance (→) is a relation representing the substitutability of one term by another one, e.g., {Tweety} → ([yellow] ∩ bird) $x → raven$x → [black]

  3. Meaning of Statements • The meaning of a statement can only be judged according to (parts of) the past experience of the system.

  4. Meaning of Terms/Concepts • The meaning of a term is determined by the context the term appears in. On conceptual level: • The meaning of a concept is determined by the concepts it is related to.

  5. Self Symbol/Term This suggests: • „self“ as a term which gets meaning by the contexts it appears in as special case.

  6. Self Symbol/Term • Parts of the meaning of “self” can be constructed by the observation of own properties and actions.

  7. Association of “self” with Properties SELF → [hungry]

  8. Association of “self” with Actions ^eat(apple)  ^eat(SELF, apple)  (*, SELF,apple) --> ^eat  SELF --> (/,^eat,_,apple)

  9. Derived beliefs about “self” Event1: ^eat(apple) Event2: SELF → [satisfied] Temporal Induction: ^eat(apple) /SELF → [satisfied]

  10. Introspective Events and Operators Introspective Events: • Reveiling internal events to the system Introspective Operators: • Influencing internal states

  11. Introspective Events and Operators • Allowing the system to reason for example about its own pursued goals (comparison: intention/goal self models) or to reflect the desire value of a concept. • Also allowing the system to reason about introspective events (business, satisfaction value, comparison: emotional self model)

  12. Thank you for your attention!

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