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The Effects of Temperature on Magnetic Strength

The Effects of Temperature on Magnetic Strength. Joseph Gault Grade 9 February 2, 2008 Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School. Types of Magnets. Ceramic – composed of powdered iron oxide and strontium carbonate

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The Effects of Temperature on Magnetic Strength

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  1. The Effects of Temperature on Magnetic Strength Joseph Gault Grade 9 February 2, 2008 Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School

  2. Types of Magnets • Ceramic – composed of powdered iron oxide and strontium carbonate ceramic; it is the most common magnet because it is cheap and easy to produce • Ticonal - alloy of titanium, cobalt, nickel, and aluminum; developed by Philips for loudspeakers

  3. Types of Magnets (cont.) • Injection molded - composite of various types of resin and magnetic powders, allowing parts of complex shapes to be manufactured by injection molding; generally lower in magnetic strength and they resemble plastics • Electromagnet - a wire that has been coiled into one or more loops • electric current flows through the wire, causing a magnetic field to be generated • commonly used in electric motors, junkyard cranes, and medical equipment, such as an MRI machine

  4. Uses of Magnets Common uses for magnets: • VHS Tapes • Audio Tapes • Floppy Discs • Hard Drives • Credit Cards • Televisions • Speakers • Microphones • Compasses

  5. Purpose • The purpose of this experiment was to determine: • If the strength of a magnet would be altered when placed in temperature zones less than room temperature, and warmer than room temperature. • If the strength of the magnet would remain changed when the magnet returned to room temperature.

  6. Null and Alternative Hypothesis Null: • Temperature changes will not significantly affect the magnetic strength of the magnets. Alternative: • The various temperature zones will significantly affect the magnets’ strengths.

  7. Materials • -80°C Freezer • -20°C Freezer • -4°C Refrigerator • Room at 20°C • 45°C Incubator • 100° Drying Oven • 30 Ceramic Magnets • Extech True RMS Digital Multimeter • Gauss Attachment • Tongs • Gloves • HP 39GS Graphing Calculator

  8. Procedure • 30 magnets were labeled (1-5) for 6 different temperature zones. • The magnetic strength of each magnet was measured with a voltage meter, and converted to Gauss using the following equation: B = 1000*(V0-V1)/k. • The 5 magnets of each group were placed into the following environments: -80°C Freezer -20°C Freezer 4°C Refrigerator Room Temperature Incubator – 45° C Drying Oven – 100° C

  9. Procedure (Cont.) • The temperature of each magnet was measured immediately after the magnets were removed from the environments. • The magnetic strength of each magnet was measured immediately after removal from the temperature zone. • Data was recorded. • The magnets were allowed to return to 20°C. • The magnetic strength of each magnet was measured. • Data was recorded.

  10. Experiment Room Temperature 4°C Recording the Magnet’s Strength Drying Oven Incubator

  11. Results and Conclusions • The north and south poles of the magnets in the 4° refrigerator and 100° drying oven were significantly affected by the variation in temperature when they were immediately removed from the temperature zone. • The north and south poles of the magnets in the 45° incubator and 100° drying oven were significantly affected when the magnets returned to room temperature.

  12. Results and Conclusions • My null hypothesis, stating that the various temperature zones will not affect the magnets’ strengths, was supported by the magnets in the 4° and 100° temperature zones. • The magnets below 4° were affected by the temperature changes. • The magnets ranging from 20°C to 45°C were affected by the temperatures when immediately removed from the temperature zones.

  13. Limitations and Extensions • Two of the magnets stuck together. This prevented me from recording their strengths when they were taken out of the temperature zone. • I was unable to record the strength of the magnets while they were in the varying temperature zones. I had to remove them to record their strengths, and they began to return to 20°C. • In the future, I would apply colder and warmer temperatures to the magnets, and try different methods of heating and cooling the magnets, such as using dry ice, or boiling water.

  14. Resources/Acknowledgements • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet • http://www.usc.edu/cssf/current/projects/j1613.pdf • How Things Work Volumes 1-4 • Fundamentals of Physics • They Feynman Lectures on Physics • The New Way Things Work • My father and my teacher for supervising my project • My mother for proofing my project

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