Anticipating thunderous change : reflection tools for paradigm work

1. Anticipating thunderous change:reflection tools for paradigm work Lawrie HunterKochi University of Technology http://www.core.kochi-tech.ac.jp/hunter/lawrie_hunter /at/ kochi-tech /dot/ ac /dot/ jp

2. Today: looking at the less immediate -an attempt to entice you to read at a distance"...countries and companies that de-emphasize basic research are speeding up at the bottom, but slowing down at the top – where it really matters – and thus decelerating the kind of research that accelerates the arrival of the future."Alvin and Heidi Toffler, "Speeding up research slows breakthroughs." The Daily Yomiuri, May 28, 2006

3. Kern: should CALL still be called CALL?1997: CALL focus on the computer2005: CALL focus on learners learning language We don’t have BALL (book assisted LL) We don’t have PALL (pen assisted LL) Kern, R. (2006) Perspectives on technology in learning and teaching languages. TESOL Quarterly 40(1) 183-210.

4. Egbert: re-enlarge the theoretical palette-books currently used in CALL teacher education “generally address only one theoretical foundation or one research methodology” Kern: should CALL still be called CALL? Egbert, J.L. (2005) Conducting research on CALL. In Egbert, J.L. & Petrie, G.M. (eds) CALL research perspectives. Erlbaum.

5. Kern: should CALL still be called CALL? Egbert: re-enlarge the theoretical palette-multiple theoretical perspectives are important:-social and cultural contexts of tech use are expanding -technologies are diversifying -the goals, content and structure of CALL are evolving

6. learner+language+context+one or more tools+tasks/activities+/–peers and teachers Kern: should CALL still be called CALL? Egbert: CALL =

7. Why hasn't the KILLER APP for ESL/EFL CALL emerged?

8. Why hasn't the KILLER APP for ESL/EFL CALL emerged? It's not possible (The Sims) (until 2039: kurzweil). It’s not worth it (ELT is too too granular). It's not needed. It's being blocked by older technology (or non-technology). It has been done, but it's being held back because it'd be stolen and shared to death. That's not the problem in ELT/CALL.

9. Why hasn't the KILLER APP for ESL/EFL CALL emerged?I meana realanswer...not a tinker

10. The singularity* is near Kurzweil (2005): by 2029 a computer that is more intelligent than humans:nearer-horizon developments in information technology will spontaneouslytransform our technological realities with obvious resounding impact on education in general. *When humans transcend biology

11. The singularity is near Kurzweil (2005): by 2029 a computer that is more intelligent than humans: nearer-horizon developments in information technology will spontaneouslytransform our technological realities with obvious resounding impact on education in general. Layers of educational technology will peel away as they are superceded. Electronic education paradigms will evolve likewise.What elements of what we do now will survive such quantum change?

12. Paradigm time!What paradigm questions should we be asking?What paradigm thinking tools do we have now?Should the available tools shape the questions? (as is often the case)

13. Paradigm question 1Are today's young second language learners 'wired differently'? For CALL paradigm development, focusing on technology is a limited strategy. At the same time, almost all second language students in Japan are extensive users of ICT. Is technology transforming the second language learner?

14. Paradigm question 2Is language changing? (i.e. is communication changing?)Language is a constantly evolving phenomenon.Externally: Texting is changing language. Amateurization is changing language. Speed is changing language.

15. Paradigm question 3Is technology evolving quantum?Yes, of course.However, until now quantum leaps have only affected the young.e.g. older people CAN ignore cell phones / texting / wifi

16. Paradigm question 4What elements of what we know/do nowwill survive the quantum leaps?Shouldn't we focus on the elements that will survive?

17. PARADIGM THINKING TOOLS THE PARADIGM THINKER’S TOOLKIT A number of emerging knowledge tools are available for incorporation into the paradigm thinker’s toolkit, among them mass amateurizationemergence: self-organizing systems smart mobs swarms crowds emergent democracy social softwaregame theorycognitive anthropologyinsight tools* e.g. rejection sensitivity (*á la Johnson’s Mind Wide Open)user experience practice RUMM (rapid user mental modelling) via GEM (game emulation model) cognitive sciencetagging (and amazon’s SIPs and CAPs)infostheticsembodied interactionCreative Commons metadata Free Culturepatterns of hypertextnew media from narrative to databasenetart rhizomeThe User IllusionKurzweil’s notion of the singularity

18. ? paradigm, what's a Paradigm: "a word too often used by those who would like to have a new idea but cannot think of one." — Mervyn Allister King, then–Deputy Governor, Bank of England "A paradigm is what you think about something before you think about it." Dr. Faiz Khan

19. Learning Paradigms (an example) Rote learning = memorisation. Analogical/case-based reasoning = store - recall - adapt. Explanation-based learning = based on partial proofs. Inductive learning = generalising from examples. http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/Teaching/Resources/COMS11200/pages/tour25/tsld029.htm

20. A summary of the new learning paradigms Constructivism in general • Learner actively creates own meaning. Student-centered learning environments • Students’ learning drives theory (grounded design, empirically validated). Situated Cognition • People interact with their environment and meaning is made through those interactions. Communities of practice • A collection of individuals sharing mutually defined practices, beliefs and understandings over an extended time frame in the pursuit of a shared enterprise. Distributed Cognition • Knowledge resides in the group. Everyday Cognition • Learning is interpreted through the lens of personal experience. http://www.utexas.edu/courses/svinicki/382L/summary.html

21. Go back:learning theories

24. Chat

25. Drag-and-drop

26. PARADIGM THINKING TOOLS 1. Learners are evolving

27. PARADIGM THINKING TOOLS 1. Learners are evolving games as a life games as smartenersmass amateurizationcognitive anthropologyinsight tools* e.g. rejection sensitivity (*á la Johnson’s Mind Wide Open)smart mobs / swarms / crowds / emergent democracy

28. Learners are evolving1995: owned computers rare: ACCESS rather than EFFECT sold CALL to Japan2005: do learners have too much PC in their lives? - e.g. in Hunter’s class, using handicams proves thrilling - Mario Rinvolucri's disembodied voice?Need for SLA anthropology/ethnography/sociology

29. 1. Learners are evolvingBrey 1997: New Media and the quality of life-presence competition -loss of engagement -presence inflation -presence invasion -aggrievement of 3rd parties -the problem of surrogacy -rationalization of existence

30. Learners are evolvingemail: short, fast, frequent blogs: short, fast, frequent "That wouldn't make me a shallow person ......would it?" -Lyle Lovett It's all about me: Why e-mails are so easily misunderstood http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0515/p13s01-stct.html?s=t5

31. 1. Learners are evolvingYomiuri 06.04.05: Young Workers Lack Verbal Skills-"with the increasing use of e-mail and Internet"-"should be more aware of human nature"-"there are things you can't convey with email"

32. 1. Learners are evolvingBrey 1997: New Media and the quality of lifeJones 2002: The Problem of Context in CMC Jones: "As I make my way down the aisles of the classroom, searching for students in need of assistance, I catch glimpses of message windows flickering open and closed and ICQ ‘contact lists’ expanding and collapsing on the sides of screens. At first I found this practice rather disturbing, a clear indication that the students were not paying attention to what they should be paying attention to. When I confronted them with my concern, however, not only did they fail to offer ... contrition, but they also expressed confusion as to why I would object to such a practice. They didn’t understand how their side involvement with ICQ could in any way be seen as competing with the academic activities, and some of them even wondered out-loud how I could expect them to operate a computer without having their ICQ contact lists open."

33. 1. Learners are evolvingBrey 1997: New Media and the quality of lifeJones 2002: The Problem of Context in CMC ICQ simultaneous with academic activities How to operate a computer without having your ICQ contact lists open?

34. 1. Learners are evolvingJohnson: Everything Bad Is Good for YouGames: interactive, thus require decision-making -a new kind of mental exercise -cognitive work: remember, and also analyze

35. 1. Learners are evolvingJohnson: Everything Bad Is Good for YouGames: interactive, thus require decision-making -a new kind of mental exercise -cognitive work: remember, and also analyze"BUT it is true that a specific, historically crucial kind of reading has grown less common in this society: sitting down with a three-hundred-page book and following its argument or narrative without a great deal of distraction." p. 183

36. 1. Learners are evolvinggames as a way of thought Levels Progress Record keeping Personal / group best On-line mobbing Sci-fi warrior

37. 1. Learners are evolvingA history of the future: what is about to happende Kerckhove p. 47 : “Literate people are always inside looking outas if they were always in front of a page, a stage, a painting, a photograph or a film. The exact opposite is true of the user of any form of computer-assisted visual experience...”

38. Learners are evolvingThe evolving USER (a.k.a. learner)Mitchell: “We become true inhabitants of electronically mediated environments rather than mere users of computational devices.” "Urban life, Jim – but not as we know it."

39. Learners are evolvingEmergent organization:slime mold, ants, networked humansModelling emergent behavior:can we use this tech to model social learning? http://education.mit.edu/starlogo/ http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/3.1/

40. 1. Learners are evolvingUser Experience (UX) practicetaggingMindCanvas: user profiling for a large target group in a matter of hours RUMM: rapid user mental modelling GEMS: game emulationMindCanvas for Japanese L1 user experience as a model for SLA ethnography?

41. Learners are evolvingDonald (1991):"The kind of mental model of the world that an organism can construct depends on its representational facilities"

42. Learners are evolvingDonald (1991):"The kind of mental model of the world that an organism can construct depends on its representational facilities" Will our tech take us back to narrative culture? or forward to 5?

43. 2. Language is evolving

44. 2. Language is evolvingA history of the future: what is about to happenPatterns of textWe say often that computers are changing the form of text, but that has been going on for much longer than the history of computers. E.g. Kafka wrote long, intoxicating passages of prose, but he kept his paragraphs very long, on purpose.

45. 2. Language is evolvingA history of the future: what is about to happenPatterns of textWe say often that computers are changing the form of text, but that has been going on for much longer than the history of computers. E.g. Kafka wrote long, intoxicating passages of prose, but he kept his paragraphs very long, on purpose. Kundera (1995):Kafka stipulated that his books be printed in very large type, because "To be read with pleasure (that is, without eye fatigue) such a text requires relatively large type that makes reading easy and allows one to stop anytime to savor the beauty of the sentences." Subsequent publications, and translations as well, ignored Kafka's wish, and in fact went further: often one Kafka paragraph would reappear as as many as 95 paragraphs.

46. PARADIGM THINKING TOOLS Cycle Joyce's Cycle contour Counterpoint MirrorWorld Tangle Sieve Montage Split/Join Patterns of hypertext 2. Language is evolving Mark Bernstein

47. PARADIGM THINKING TOOLS 2. Language is evolvingJohnson: Everything Bad Is Good for YouTV now rewards complexity: -multiple thread narrative Hill Street Blues, The Sopranos -flashing arrows -social networks Japanese TV? Maybe not yet.

48. PARADIGM THINKING TOOLS 2. Language is evolvingnew media:history of the future?

49. PARADIGM THINKING TOOLS 2. Language is evolvingLev Manovich:from narrative to database

50. PARADIGM THINKING TOOLS 2. Language is evolving Mass amateurisation of everything: “...over the last fifteen years or so pretty much all media creation has started to be deprofessionalised.” http://www.plasticbag.org/archives/2003/09/ weblogs_and_the_mass_amateurisation_of_nearly_everything.shtml