Svensk Ventilation

1. Svensk Ventilation Everybody’s right to clean indoor air

2. Poor Indoor Environment Gives: • 500 dead per annum • Explosive increase in allergies & asthma • Less wellbeing • Poorer performance • Increased cost to enterprise • Increased cost to society Totally unnecessarily!

3. MiljöhälsoutredningenSOU 1996:124 • No one should become sick or suffer any symptoms due to deficiencies in the indoor environment • Poor ventilation in residential buildings, schools and pre-schools should be corrected • All residential buildings, schools and pre-schools with a radon levels above the threshold value for private nuisance should be corrected before the year 2010

4. We eat 1 kg per day • We drink 3 kg per day • We breathe 30 kg of air per day,which is about 25,000 litres! Life 90% of our time is spent indoors - 90% of the air we breathe is therefore indoor air

5. Why isn’t anything done?

6. Why isn’t anything done? • Poor information • Cost pressure • Industry being passive

7. Clean air everywhere Objectives • Lowering of the incidence of asthma & allergies • Radon cleaning

8. Research Today ”Outdoor air has relatively small impact on public health, we are not outside that much. In addition, outdoor air here in the Nordic countries isn’t that polluted. Here, the indoor air is the major problem” Professor Jan Sundell

9. Research Results • The Värmlands study (Sweden) • The Bamse study (Sweden) • The Massachusetts study (USA) • IEA (Europe) • The NatVent-project (Europa)

10. The Värmlands Study* • 11 000 children in survey • 400 in extended study • Extensive medical examination • Home environment studied in detail • Condensation is a warning Good ventilation gives healthier children * ”Dampness in Buildings and Health”

11. The Bamse Study • 4000 children followed • Why do children become allergic? • 40% of 4-year olds have some form of allergy Risk factors: • Poor indoor climate • Smoking • Short period of breast feeding • More than one risk factor gives large increase

12. The Massachusetts Study Is performance affected by the air flow? • Minimum requirement = 50% higher absence due to sickness • Annual loss = 400 dollars per person Larger air flow gives healthier people

13. IEA Does hybrid ventilation work? • Is energy saved? • Will air quality be consistent? • Will investment costs increase? • Higher LCC? Hybrid ventilation can work – but requires significantly more energy than FTX

14. The NatVent project • Target: Reduce energy consumption • Use natural draught and low energy cooling • Recommendations • Use night cooling • Improve sun screening • Low energy lighting • No heating during summer • Windows closed at night

15. Myths About Air 1 (2) • The cleaning myth: • It is not too clean indoors these days • The fur animals myth: • You do not avoid allergies by keeping furry animals at home

16. Myths About Air 2 (2) • The humidity myth: • Dry air is actually very unusual • The ventilations myth: • A fan is not a ventilation system

17. Källbrinksskolan 1 (2) • 550 people • Enough air for half of them • Exhaust air system, no filtration, no control • Built 1963, refurbished during the oil crisis • Big health problems among children and staff

18. Källbrinksskolan 2 (2) • Entirely new facilities • Supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery • Demand controlled • Exceeds the requirements by far • Cost: Just over 22 million Crowns

19. The Purpose of Ventilation • Transport away contaminated air and replace it with clean air • Create the appropriate temperature Ventilation shall:

20. Requirements on the Ventilation • Appropriate • Reliable • Resource efficient

21. Sources of Contamination Indoors • People • Machines • Material

22. Influencing Factors • Air velocity • Temperature • Humidity • Air pollution

23. Technical Solutions • Natural draught • Fan driven exhaust air system • Balanced ventilation system with exhaust and supply air

24. Natural Draught • Exhaust via ducts • Outdoor air via slot valves, windows, leaks • Large rooms, warm chimney, leaky houses • Today’s houses are not built this way Adequate in old and leaky houses, but hard to clean the air, complicated to build

25. Fan driven exhaust air system • Extraction through the use of fans • Outdoor air via slot valves, windows, leaks • Only limited filtration possible Common system – cheap to install, but not energy efficient

26. Balanced Systems • Many types • Low energy consumption • Heat recovery • Demand controlled • Air cleaning Simple, stable, energy efficient and flexible system that creates a good indoor climate

27. Air Cleaning • Filters the only possibility • Should be replaced at least once per year • Minimum filter class F7 for supply air • P-marked • Keep dry

28. Gekås in Ullared • Swedens largest shopping centre • Airborne cooling system with heat recycling • High airflow, 30 m3/h/m2 • Demand controlled • Webb interface

29. Rules and Regulations 1 (4) The Swedish ’Health and Safety at Work’ regulations: • The air quality shall be adequate • Outdoor air shall be added in sufficient quantity • The supply air shall be as clean as possible

30. Rules and Regulations 2 (4) • Threshold values are set low • Functional, not technical, requirements • The Swedish ’Health and Safety at Work’ Authority adds to the uncertainty

31. Rules and Regulations Uncertainties 3 (4) A common misunderstanding is that the private nuisance threshold value… can be used as criteria for acceptable quality of supply air. The Board’s threshold value is a measure of the highest acceptable rate of air pollution in the breathing air at a work place. As a measure of acceptable level of pollution they are not applicable. Addendum to § 22 of the regulations

32. Rules and Regulations OVK 4 (4) • Mandatory control of ventilation systems • Meet requirements as at time of construction – not today’s requirements • All buildings except: • One and two family houses with natural ventilation • One and two family houses with only exhaust air • Agricultural buildings and buildings for the forrestry industries • Industrial buildings • Secret defence installations

33. Leviticus, Chapter 14