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THE FALL OF ROME

THE FALL OF ROME. UNIT 2 – GREECE & ROME LECTURE 6. Ancient Rome 500 B.C.– A.D. 500. CHAPTER 6. The Roman Republic. SECTION 1. SECTION 2. The Roman Empire. SECTION 4. The Fall of the Roman Empire. Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization . SECTION 5. OBJECTIVES.

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THE FALL OF ROME

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  1. THE FALL OF ROME UNIT 2 – GREECE & ROME LECTURE 6

  2. Ancient Rome500 B.C.– A.D. 500 CHAPTER 6 The Roman Republic SECTION 1 SECTION 2 The Roman Empire SECTION 4 The Fall of the Roman Empire Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization SECTION 5

  3. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the impact of Ancient Rome and how it continues to impact our lives today. • Objective 4.3: Summarize and trace the fall of the Roman Empire. • Objective 4.4: Describe the legacy and achievements of Roman civilization. • THEME:The Roman culture will have a significant impact and influence on many other world cultures.

  4. THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE CHAPTER 6 SECTION 4 Internal problems and innovations spur the division and decline of the Roman Empire.

  5. A CENTURY OF CRISIS • The Empire Declines • PaxRomana ends in A.D. 180 with death of emperor Marcus Aurelius • Subsequent emperors unable to govern giant empire • Rome’s Economy Weakens • Hostile tribes outside the empire disrupt trade • Inflation — drop in value of money and rise in prices —weakens trade • Overworked soil, war-torn farmland leads to food shortages

  6. ROME FALLS • History Channel – Mankind Story of Us

  7. MILITARY AND POLITICAL TURMOIL • By third century A.D. Roman military in turmoil • Soldiers loyal to commanders, not Rome • commanders fighting for throne • Government enlists mercenaries— foreign soldiers they pay to fight • Average citizens lose interest in the affairs of Rome

  8. By the 400 AD, the Roman Empire was in confusion. • The empire was running short of money and facing increasing pressure from raiders pushing in from the borders. • In one 50-year period, 26 emperors reigned, and only one of them died of natural causes. • At about this time a strong general named Constantine took control of the empire and tried to stop its decline.

  9. EMPERORS ATTEMPT REFORM • Diocletian Reforms the Empire • In A.D. 284 Emperor Diocletian restores order, divides empire in two • Two emperors in Greek-speaking East, Latin-speaking West • In A.D. 305 Diocletian retires, rivals compete for power • Constantine Moves the Capital • Constantine becomes emperor of Western Empire in A.D. 312 • Seizes Eastern Empire in A.D. 324; moves Roman capital to Byzantium • Byzantium eventually renamed Constantinople— city of Constantine

  10. Constantine the Great

  11. He is remembered as Constantine the Great. • Although Christianity had long been outlawed in the empire, Constantine legalized Christianity. • He ended the blood sports and gladiatorial games in the Colosseum.

  12. Constantine spilt the empire into two parts. • He established Constantinople as the capital of the stronger eastern part of the Roman Empire, ruling both parts from there. • Constantinople is located on the Bosporus Strait that connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. • Rome remained capital of the weakened western part of the empire.

  13. Constantinople was prosperous. • Constantinople was a crossroads of trade routes between Asia and Europe. • Today, Constantinople is called Istanbul. • It is the country of Turkey’s largest city.

  14. The Fall of Rome

  15. The Roman Empire continued to decline after Constantine’s death. • Nomadic warriors stepped-up their attacks. • These nomads included the Huns who swept down from the steppes pushing other nomadic tribes ahead of them. • The Visigoths sacked Rome in 410 AD. • The Vandals plundered Rome in 455, and “vandalism” comes from their name.

  16. THE WESTERN EMPIRE CRUMBLES • Germanic Invasions • Mongol nomads from Asia, the Huns, invade northern borders of empire • Germanic tribes flee Huns, enter Roman lands, sack Rome A.D. 410 • Attila the Hun • Attila— unites the Huns in A.D. 444; plunders 70 cities in East • Attacks Rome in 452; famine and disease prevents victory

  17. AN EMPIRE NO MORE • Last Roman emperor falls to Germans in 476; end of Western Empire • East thrives for another thousand years (Byzantine Empire)

  18. Historians have long debated the causes of the Fall of Rome. • Factors included a terrible plague, the decline of agriculture, heavy taxes, and a decadent upper class devoted to luxury and greed. • Perhaps the more important question is not why Rome fell, but why it lasted so long.

  19. ROME AND THE ROOTS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION CHAPTER 6 SECTION 5 The Romans develop many ideas and institutions that become fundamental to Western Civilization.

  20. GRECO-ROMAN CULTURE • A New Culture Emerges • Romans adopt aspects of Greek and Hellenistic culture • Results in Greco-Roman culture, or classical civilization • Roman Fine Arts • Romans develop bas-relief sculptures to tell stories • Artists skilled in creating mosaics, painting frescoes • Pompeii— Roman town; ash from volcano eruption A.D. 79 preserves art • Roman System of Law • Principles of Roman law form basis of modern legal systems

  21. ROMAN ART

  22. EDUCATION • Learning and Literature • Romans borrow from Greek philosophy and literature • Poet Virgil writes epic Aeneid modeled after Homer’s Greek epics • Roman historian Tacitus excels in writing factually accurate history • Annalsand Histories provide comprehensive look at Roman life • The Latin Language • Latin was official language of Roman Catholic Church until 1900s • Develops into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian • More than half the words in English stem from Latin

  23. ARCHES:Romans pioneer the use of arches • An arch is, in its simplest description, a curved opening. • It spans a doorway, window, or other space. • The arch could span much greater distances than the column-and-beam architecture of the Egyptians and Greeks.

  24. Create aqueducts—structures to bring water into cities, towns • Arches are versatile forms • Arches built side-by-side created aqueducts to move water. • Arches placed in front of one another formed large “vaulted” ceilings, and arches arranged in a circular pattern created domes. • The arch was adopted on a large scale by the Romans.

  25. Romans also used concrete as a construction material. • The arch and concrete made it possible to construct public buildings with large interior spaces that could be used for practical purposes, not just as temples. • One of the most impressive of these buildings is the Colosseum.

  26. The Colosseum was a great arena of ancient Rome. • It seated up to 50,000 spectators under a retractable canvas roof. • Bloody and deadly contests were staged in the Colosseum for the entertainment of Roman citizens. • Although the Colosseum is now in ruins, it remains a monument to Roman engineering.

  27. The Colosseum is more than an old ruin. • It is the best-known structure of the Roman Empire. • It is the symbol of the present day city of Rome. • The Colosseum also symbolizes the decadence, or moral decay, of the later years of the Roman Empire.

  28. THE COLLOSEUM • HISTORY CHANNEL – Deconstructing the Coliseum

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