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CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS. Basics of Clinical Assessment. Multimethod & Multimodal. Like a Funnel. Start Broad. More Specific. Determining the Value of Clinical Assessment. Value Depends On. Reliability
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CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS
Basics of Clinical Assessment • Multimethod & Multimodal • Like a Funnel Start Broad More Specific
Determining the Value of Clinical Assessment Value Depends On Reliability • Consistency of our Assessment Validity • What are we measuring? Standardization Application of Standards to Ensure Consistency
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Clinical Interview • Structured vs. Semistructured • Mental Status Exam • Behavioral Observation
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Clinical Interview • Physical Exam
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Clinical Interview • Physical Exam • Behavioral Assessment
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Behavioral Assessment A Cs B
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Clinical Interview • Physical Exam • Behavioral Assessment • Psychological Testing • Projective vs. Objective
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Projective Tests Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Projective Tests Rorschach Inkblot Test
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Other Projective Tests Sentence Completion Methods: - - Class lectures would be more stimulating with more _______ and lots of ____.
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Other Projective Tests Draw a Picture
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Other Projective Tests
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Objective Tests • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI, MMPI-2)
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Objective Tests • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI, MMPI-2) • Intelligence Tests • Stanford-Binet IQ Test: Intelligence Quotient • Wechsler IQ Tests
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Clinical Interview • Physical Exam • Behavioral Assessment • Psychological Testing • Neuropsychological Testing
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Neuropsychological Testing • Assess Broad Abilities • Infer Brain Dysfunction • Empirically Derived • Problems • False Positives and False Negatives • Long Time to Administer
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Clinical Interview • Physical Exam • Behavioral Assessment • Psychological Testing • Neuropsychological Testing • Neuroimaging
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Neuroimaging • Structural Abnormalities • Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Neuroimaging • Functional Abnormalities • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) • Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) • fMRI
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Clinical Interview • Physical Exam • Behavioral Assessment • Psychological Testing • Neuropsychological Testing • Neuroimaging • Psychophysiological Assessment
Methods of Clinical Assessment • Psychophysiological Assessment • Measure Nervous System Activity • Some Problems and Limitations
From Assessment to Diagnosis and Classification
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders • Nosology____________________________________________________________ • Nomenclature ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Two widely used classification systems: ICD-10 & DSM
Development of the DSM • DSM-I (1952) • DSM-II (1968) • DSM-III (1980) • DSM-III-R (1987) • DSM-IV (1994) • DSM-5 (2013)
Approaches to Classification Classical or Categorical Dimensional Prototypical
DSM-IV: A Prototypical --Dimensional Approach • Thresholds for Diagnosis of Disorders • Multiaxial Format • Axis I: Most Major Disorders • Axis II: Personality Disorders / MR • Axis III: Medical Diseases or Conditions • Axis IV: Psychosocial / Environment Problems • Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning • Some Problems With the DSM-IV
DSM-5 • The general consensus is that DSM-5 is largely unchanged from DSM-IV although some new disorders are introduced and other disorders have been reclassified • Divided into three main sections • How to use the manual • Disorders • Description of disorders • Most notable change: ____________________________ • More emphasis on ______________________________
The DSM-5 • Continuing criticisms & controversies: • ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________