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THE UNIVERSITY OF ZADAR Ul. Mihovila Pavlinovića bb 23000 Zadar www.unizd.hr. Danica Škara, PhD dskara@unizd.hr. The EUROPEAN QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK: THE UNIVERSITY OF ZADAR. The following topics will be discussed: The European Qualification Framework
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THE UNIVERSITY OF ZADARUl. Mihovila Pavlinovića bb23000 Zadarwww.unizd.hr
Danica Škara, PhDdskara@unizd.hr The EUROPEAN QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK: THE UNIVERSITY OF ZADAR
The following topics will be discussed: • The European Qualification Framework • The University of Zadar – learning outcomes of the new programs • Market research of the local community • The results of the analysis • Recommendations
European qualification framework: transparency, qualitymutual trust • On the degree structure the Berlin communiqué mentions: • “Ministers encourage the member States to elaborate a framework of comparable and compatible qualifications for higher education systems, which should seek to describe qualifications in terms of workload, level, learning outcomes, competences and profile. They also undertake to elaborate an overarching framework of qualifications for the European Higher Education Area.” • In March 2005 the European Council asked for the adoption of an EQF in 2006, significicantly strenghtening the political basis for taking forward this initiative. A succesful development and implementation of an EQF requires a shared understanding of certain key terms:learning outcomes, qualifications, competences and frameworks.
Definition: • A qualification framework (QF) is an instrument for the development and clasifications according to a set of criteria for levels of learning achieved. It could be described in terms of three types of learning outcomes: knowledge, skills, personal and professional competence.
The possible EQF is envisaged as a meta-framework that will enable qualifications frameworks at national and sectoral level to relate and communicate to each other thus developing transparency at the European level.
Who should the EQF serve? > the individual citizen, the national education, the labor market (national and international) • This presentation tries to give some details about the EQF, the main purposes and functions, the common reference levels, the supporting tools, the possible relationship between an EQF and stakeholders at natiiona and sectoral level and a list of questions. • Questions related to progress, transfer, accumulation, recognition and quality development are to be discussed
AIMS • 1. The main purpose of a EQF is to enchance communication and transparency between systems and providers, to facilitate recognition • Faciliate mobility • This requires a neutral common reference referring to learning outcomes • The EQF would be implemented on a voluntary basis and not on legal obligations.
MODEL FOR THE STRUCTURE OF A EUROPEAN QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK The framework should incorporate the following aspects: • Overall structure of higher education (cycles and levels) • A set of common reference levels for qualifications described in terms of learning outcomes and expressed in competences • A common direction for future developmentsand a basis for mutual trust • Common instruments and tools: ECTS-credits based on workload , transparency • Progression and recognition agreements • The framework should be supported by systems of quality assuarance
A EQF will permit authorities (ministers, sectors, etc.) to assign a number of credits to a part or full qualification, a learning sequence or a training program. • Credit points are attributed to persons on the basis of thir acquired learning outcomes, expressed in terms of their knowledge and, particulary their skills and competences.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TWO-CYCLE BOLOGNA SYSTEMIN CROATIASince the Bologna Conference 1999, Croatia has taken several measures to achieve the common aim of a European Higher Education Area. A large number of the Bologna objectives were incorporated into Croatian Law. EQF is to be developed.
The Univertsity of Zadar-All program proposals are based on the following scheme:
The University of Zadar • At the moment 37 undergraduate programs and 38 graduate programs are accepted and evaluated by the internal and external experts • Doctoral programs still to go through the evaluation process (proposals being made) • Academic year 2005/2006: First generation of students enrolled in the first year of undergraduate study programs
Humanities • Archaeology • History • Classical philology: • Greek • Latin • Ethnology • History of Art • Linguistics and Literature: • Croatian • Russian • English • German • French • Italian • Philosophy • Social Sciences • Culture and Tourism • Education (most graduate studies offer teacher's course) • Librarianship • Management • Pedagogy • Psychology • Sociology • Natural Sciences • Geography • Technical Sciences • Nautical Studies and Maritime Transport Technology • Marine Engineering and Maritime Transport Technology
Total number of students: 5437 • 5437:230=23,63 (Ratio: 1:23)
Average duration asks for urgent reform of Croatian education system!!!! WE have to reform our education system not because of the EU but for the sake of our students. Our students spend 6 years at the University, and in the same time their European colleagues spend less time for the same qualification.
Data from the Croatian Employment Service, regarding the number of unemployed and the supply/demand for different occupations in the region of Zadar30.06.2005. • Prof. of Croatian language...............................26 • Prof. of. English language................................15 • Prof. of German language................................3 • Prof. of French language.................................4 • Prof. of IOtalian language..................................1 • Prof. of LAtin language ....................................4 • Prof. of Philosophy ...........................................5 • Prof. of history .................................................16 • Prof. of sociology ...............................................1 • Prof. of Geography ............................................5
Evidently the needs of the market do not correspond to the QF of the University. • E.g. Social sciences • Department No of students Labor market demands: • Culture and tourism...........669...................33 • Teacher’s college ............691 ..................45 • Librarianship.......................72.....................3 • Pedagogical sc.................319.....................1 • Psychology.......................108.....................2 • Sociology..........................289.....................1 • Total...............................2148...................85
Qualifications and Competencies foreseen in the proposals of new study programs (several examples) • Archaeology • Undergraduate and graduate study (no distinction): Institutions of public sector and state administration, museums, research institutes, conservation departments, private agencies specialized for archaeological excavations or conservation and restoration works. • Classical Philology (Latin Language and Literature, Greek Language and Literature) • Undergraduate: culture, media, publishment, enterpreneurship • Graduate: educational system, culture, media, publishment, enterpreneurship, • Croatian • Croatian language and literature • Undergraduate: educational and upbrining institutions, animator in a literary studio at primary schools, as an editor in newspapers and magazines and in publishing trade • Graduate: teaching in primary and secondary schools, editing in radio and TV, in scientific and special magazines. • Croatian and Southern Slavic linguistics • Undergraduate: cultural sphere, mass media and tourism, translating activities • Graduate: teaching in primary and secondary schools, various cultural spheres, diplomacy, mass media and tourism, translating activities.
Culture and Tourism • Undergraduate: Front Office Manager, Product Manager, Travel Consultant, Tourism Culture Educator, Museum Educator, Tour Representative, Tourist Promoter, Tourist Guide, tourist profit organizations, media, tourist marketing and other jobs related to culture and tourism • Graduate: Journalism and Public Relations: journalism and public relations Entrepreneurship in Culture and Tourism in private and public sector, especially in culture and tourism • Ecology in Culture and Tourism: ecology in culture and sustainable tourism, growing need for ecology awareness in all human activities. • Cultural Heritage and Tourism: exploring, evaluation, protection and presentation of cultural and natural heritage both to holidaymakers and domestic population. • English • Undergraduate: banks, international business, tourism, media, publishing, government and similar other institutions. • Graduate: teaching, • Ethnology • Undergraduate: civil sector and tourist communities, bodies of national and local administrations, cultural institutions, mass media • Graduate: museums, conservation offices, research institutes, archives, implementation governmental and non-governmental organizations, legal institutions, counselling institutions, social care institutions, social planning and management institutions, diplomacy, tourist organizations, associations for the representation of traditional heritage
The results of the screening of the University of Zadar • The UNiversity of Zadar is primaruily based on humanistic and social disciplines, with a high percentage of female students • Data from the Croatian Employment Service, regarding the number of unemployed and the supply/demand for different occupations in the region of Zadar (30.06.2005.) offers a modest oportunity for future students. It seems that QF offered by the University of Zadar doesn’t correspond to the modern labor market. • New programs are quite clear regarding the targeted group of employers. But the lack of clear learning outcomes, competences and skills is more than evident. In other words QF is missing. • There is a general oppinion in Croatia that BA degree (3 years) offers poor competences and skills.
Let’s see the BA in the EU: e.g. University of Sussex • Law • Law with Languages (French, German, Italian or Spanish) • Law with SpanishLLB, 4 years • Law with ItalianLLB, 4 years • Law with FrenchLLB, 4 years • Law with GermanLLB, 4 years • This degree assists the development of your knowledge of the language, culture, society and political systems of your chosen country and will help you to acquire the essential linguistic and cultural skills of communication and analysis, both orally and on paper. In addition to the law core courses and two final-year law options, you take language courses at Sussex during the first two years of your degree. You spend your third year abroad studying in the country of your chosen language. This is of immense value in understanding legal principles as well as the culture and history in which these principles evolve
To conclude, we have to define specific Croatian Qualification Framework for different disciplines, • We have to describe it precisely in order to get transparent competencesand skills of our students. • The lack of such a description will make our students less competitive on the EU market. • Recognition, mutual trust, bilateral agreements will be facilitaed by transparent QF.
