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CHINA

CHINA. OWL NEWS MONDAY. INTRODUCTION. Welcome I’m chitto. HINDI CHINI BHAI BHAI. SCOPE. PART I - GEO-POLITICAL/STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF CHINA PART II -CHINESE ECONOMY PART III - CHINA’S ARMED FORCES PART IV - FOREIGN RELATIONS

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CHINA

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  1. CHINA

  2. OWL NEWS MONDAY

  3. INTRODUCTION

  4. Welcome I’m chitto

  5. HINDI CHINI BHAI BHAI

  6. SCOPE • PART I - GEO-POLITICAL/STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF CHINA • PART II -CHINESE ECONOMY • PART III - CHINA’S ARMED FORCES • PART IV - FOREIGN RELATIONS • PART V - CHINA IN THE YEAR 2010

  7. PART I GEO-POLITICAL AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE

  8. An ancient Chinese missionary student is supposed to have lamented “Chinese history is remote, obscure and monotonous, worst of all, there is too much of it ”

  9. Geography and Demography

  10. LOCATION AND SIZE • CHINA LIES BETWEEN • LONGITUDE 78º 08´ E AND 135º 05´ E • LATITUDE 18º 09´ N AND 53º 34´ N

  11. LOCATION AND SIZE • THE LANDMASS • GENERALLY SLOPES FROM WEST TO EAST • ELEVATION VARYING FROM 8000 M ABOVE SEA LEVEL TO 150 M BELOW SEA LEVEL

  12. LOCATION AND SIZE • SIZE • THIRD LARGEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD AFTER RUSSIA AND CANADA • LARGEST IN ASIA, WITH AN AREA OF 9,562,904 SQUARE KM

  13. POPULATION • MOST POPULOUS COUNTRY IN THE WORLD • APPROXIMATELY 1.2 BILLION PEOPLE

  14. POPULATION • 93.3% POPULATION IS HAN CHINESE • BALANCE A MIX OF VARIOUS NATIONALITIES

  15. RELIGION AND LANGUAGE • MOST IMPORTANT RELIGIONS ARE:- • CONFUCIANISM • TAOISM • BUDDHISM • MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS

  16. RELIGION AND LANGUAGE • MAIN LANGUAGE IS MANDARIN • LITERACY RATE 85 %

  17. DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN • DENSITY-107 PER SQUARE KM • DISTRIBUTION IS UNEVEN • POPULATION CROWDED INTO 45% OF THE LAND

  18. DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN • PROVINCES LIKE JIANG HAVE DENSITY OF 2000 PER SQUARE KM • URBAN POPULATION IS 35% OF THE TOTAL

  19. CHINESE CIVILISATION • ORIGINATED IN AREA OF YELLOW RIVER • CHANGS STARTED DYNASTIC RULE AND CONTINUED TO RULE TILL AROUND 214B C

  20. CHINESE CIVILISATION • CHANGS OVERTHROWN BY ZHOU DYNASTY • ZHOU DYNASTY FOLLOWED BY QUIN DYNASTY

  21. CHINESE CIVILISATION • QUIN DYNASTY FOLLOWED BY HANS & SONGS • FINALLY MONGOLS RULED FROM 1279 AD TO 1368 AD • MING DYNASTY TOOK THE REINS IN 1368 AD

  22. CHINESE CIVILISATION • OCCUPATION OF CHINA BY MANCHUS IN 1688 • MANCHU EMPIRE BEGAN TO CRUMBLE BY THE MIDDLE OF THENINETEENTH CENTURY

  23. DECLINE OF MANCHU RULE • POLICY OF ISOLATION BEGAN TO BREAKDOWN • CHINA LAGGED BEHIND • SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY UNDERMINED RELIGIOUS UNITY

  24. DECLINE OF MANCHU RULE • OPIUM WARS FROM 1839 - 42 AND 1856-60 LOST BY CHINESE • FORFEITED HONG KONG TO BRITISH

  25. DECLINE OF MANCHU RULE • COMPLETE COLONISATION AVERTED • NUMBER OF PORTS OPENED

  26. DECLINE OF MANCHU RULE • CHINESE SLIDE CONTINUED • LOSSES IN WARS, WITH FRANCE AND BRITAIN, JAPAN, RUSSIA AND US • MOUNTING DISSATISFACTION PRECIPITATED ANOTHER UPRISING IN 1900

  27. DECLINE OF MANCHU RULE • REVOLUTIONISTS IN 1911 OVERTHREW THE CHING REGIME • THIS MADE CHINA TECHNICALLY A REPUBLIC

  28. MODERN CHINA • POLITICAL HISTORY OF REPUBLIC’S FIRST YEAR WAS TUMULTUOUS • CIVIL WAR BROKE OUT IN 1917 • IN 1926, CHIANG-KAI-SHEK, OVERTHREW THE GOVERNMENT

  29. MODERN CHINA • COMMUNISTS ENGINEERED A COUP AGAINST CHIANG-KAI-SHEK IN DECEMBER 1936 • IN JANUARY 1949 BEIJING TAKEN OVER BY COMMUNISTS • CHIANG AND HIS NATIONALISTS FLED TO TAIWAN

  30. MODERN CHINA • CHIANG PROCLAIMED TAIPEI AS THE TEMPORARY CAPITAL • COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT CONSOLIDATED ON THE MAINLAND BY 1ST OCTOBER 1949 • RECOGNISED BY USSR, GREAT BRITAIN AND INDIA

  31. COMMUNIST RULE UNDER MAO • CULTURAL REVOLUTION • HUNDRED FLOWERS MOVEMENT • GREAT LEAP FORWARD

  32. ERA OF DENG XIAO PING • EMERGENCE FROM THE BAMBOO CURTAIN

  33. OWL NEWS MONDAY

  34. CULTURAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

  35. CULTURE • PROUD OF CULTURAL ANTECEDENTS • CONSIDER CHINA CENTRE OF WORLD • UNITY OF CHINA - AN ACHIEVEMENT

  36. MODERN CHINESE CULTURE • RISE OF MAO TSE TUNG • ABOLITION OF THE CLASS SYSTEM • ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNISM • THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION

  37. MODERN CHINESE CULTURE • CHINESE TRADITIONAL THOUGHTS CENTRED AROUND TWO ANCIENT CUSTOMS • TRANSFERENCE OF GODS INTO HUMAN BEINGS • THE BELIEF THAT A PERSON LIVES THROUGH HIS DESCENDANTS

  38. CUSTOMS • CONCUBINAGE AND POLYGAMY • PATRIARCHIAL FAMILY SET UP • HIERARCHICAL SOCIETY

  39. ART • POETRY WAS PRODUCED EN-MASS • PAINTINGS • JADE ARTISTRY • POTTERY

  40. OWL NEWS MONDAY

  41. GEO-STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE • EURASIA HAS THE WORLD’S SIX LARGEST ECONOMIES AND MILITARY SPENDERS

  42. GEO-STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE • CHINA, RUSSIA, INDIA AND SE ASIA ARE IN THIS REGION

  43. GEO-STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE • THE REGION ACCOUNTS FOR • 75% OF THE WORLD POPULATION • 60% OF THE WORLD’S GNP • 75% OF THE WORLD’S ENERGY RESOURCES

  44. OWL NEWS MONDAY

  45. ASSETS • LARGE LANDMASS • VAST MANPOWER RESOURCES AND CHEAP LABOUR • ABUNDANT NATURAL RESOURCES

  46. ASSETS • COASTAL FRONTIERS OF ABOUT 5800 KILOMETRES, FAVOURING OCEAN TRADE • NATURAL FRONTIER OBSTACLES ON ALL SIDES

  47. ASSETS • A HIGH LITERACY RATE OF 85% • A WELL DEVELOPED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF INLAND WATER TRANSPORT, ROADS AND RAILWAYS

  48. LIABILITIES • ONLY 11% OF THE TOTAL LAND IS ARABLE • EXCESS POPULATION PRESSURE ON EAST AND SOUTH EAST CHINA • DIFFICULT TERRAIN, WHICH IMPEDES DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH AND NORTH-EAST CHINA

  49. CHINESE SPHERE OF INFLUENCE • CHINA WELL POISED TO BECOME A WORLD LEADER • CAN EXERCISE DIRECT INFLUENCE ON • THE SOUTH/EAST CHINA SEA • BAY OF BENGAL • THE ARABIAN SEA • CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS

  50. RELATIONSHIP WITH NEIGHBOURS • ONLY COUNTRY TO HAVE 16 NEIGHBOURS • MAINTAINS GOOD RELATIONS WITH SOME • INDIFFERENT TO OTHERS

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