Systems Requirement Review Presentation

2. Systems Requirement Review Presentation Joe Appel Todd Beeby Julie Douglas KonradHabina Katie Irgens Jon Linsenmann David Lynch Dustin Truesdell

3. Overview • Mission Statement • Market, Customers, & Competitors • Design Mission • Design Requirements • New Technologies • Sizing Code • Summary & Next Steps

4. Mission Statement • Design an Environmentally Responsible Aircraft (ERA) that lowers noise, minimizes emissions, and reduces fuel burn • Utilize new technology to develop a competitive medium-size aircraft that meets the demands of transportation for continental market • Deliver a business plan focusing on capitalizing on growing markets • Submit final design to NASA ERA College Student Challenge

5. NASA ERA College Student Challenge Large twin aisle reference configuration = Boeing 777-200LR 1 NASA ERA Goals

6. Market • Growth in twin aisle market • Fastest growing market segment (4.4% annually) • Airplane seat count upgauging 2 Boeing Market Outlook

7. Market • Geographic Regions: • Asia Pacific • US Domestic • Europe 2 Boeing Market Outlook 3 Airbus Market Forecast

8. Market • Geographic Regions: • Asia Pacific • US Domestic 3 Airbus Market Forecast

9. Customers • Low cost carriers • Point to point model • Shorter distance, larger passenger capacity Examples • SpiceJet, Spring Airlines, JetBlue, EasyJet 4 Point to Point: Asia Pacific

10. Competitors • Designing an airplane with similar capabilities as the Boeing 757-200 • Competitors • Other aircraft (A321-200, A320NEO, 757, 737) • High speed rail for short distances 3 Airbus Market Forecast 6 757-200 5High Speed Rail

11. City Pairs Tokyo to Mumbai is 3700 nmi 7 Geographical Map of Asia

12. Runway Lengths Shortest Runway: 9843 feet

13. Design Mission 3 • Tokyo - Mumbai Norange descent CruiseClimb Loiter (30 min) Loiter (30 min) 2 6 7 No range descent Climb 32000 ft Climb 4’ 5’ 0 Attempt to Land 5 9 1 4 8 Taxi & takeoff Land Land 6800 ft Range: 3700 nmi 4950 ft Fuel Reserves

14. Design Requirements • Market Driven Requirements • Similar two class configuration seating capacity to • Boeing 757-200 [200 pax.] • Boeing 737-900ER [177 pax.] • Airbus A321NEO [185 pax.] 3Airbus Market Forecast 8 Boeing 737-900ER

15. Design Requirements • Improved Specifications (compared to Boeing 757-200) • Extended Range to 4000 nmi • Improved Cruise Efficiency • Increased Payload, Takeoff Weight, and Landing Weight 6 Boeing 757-200

16. Design Requirements • ERA driven requirements (compared to Boeing 777-200LR) • 75 % cut in emissions • 42 dB reduction in noise • 50% reduction in fuel burn • 50% reduction in field length • Summarized in Compliance Matrix

17. Design Requirements Compliance Matrix

18. New Technologies • Noise reduction: • Chevron Nozzles, Variable Nozzles, Scarf Inlet Active Noise Control, Forward Swept Fans, Swept/Leaned Stators, Soft Vanes, Over-the-Rotor Metal Foam • Geared turbofan (GTF): • Ultra high bypass ratio engines to reduce fuel consumption, reduce engine maintenance, and reduce noise by up to 10 dB 9 Chevron Nozzles 10 Scarf Inlet 11 Geared Turbofan

19. Example Fuel Savings 12 New Technology Fuel Savings

20. Sizing Code Chart Inputs: , , Geometry (eg S, b, etc.) Empty Weight Prediction (We) Fuel Weight Prediction (Wfuel) Calculated Gross Weight (Wφ)calc yes no Performance, Costs, Enviro Impacts Set Wφ = (Wφ)calc Wφ = (Wφ)calc Description of Aircraft

21. Sizing Code Approach: Empty Weight Fraction –Raymer Table 6.1 ] Fuel Weight Fraction Cruise: Breguet Range Equation andEndurance Equation All others: Historical Fractions (Raymer Table 3.2)

22. Sizing Code Calibration: Boeing 757-200 Passengers: 200 Range: 2655 nmi Cruise Mach Number: 0.8 Max Take-off Weight (MTOW): 255000 lb Operating Weight Empty (OWE): 136940 lb Fuel Weight: 74510 lb • 13 Boeing 757-200

23. Sizing Code Calibration: Original Drag Prediction Nicolai Fig 5.3 for Subsonic a/c: Adjusted to make Results:

24. Sizing Code Early Aircraft Predictions: Used 757-200 sizing code (similar aircraft) Adjusted range, MTOW, thrust, Mach #, passengers Based on “threshold” values from compliance matrix

25. Sizing Code Next: Convert entirely to MATLAB Same output as with Excel Implement the next level of complexity Component weights Aerodynamics (drag breakdown) Propulsion (thrust, fuel consumption) Future technology factors

26. Summary & Next Steps • Summary • Mission statement • Market & Customers • Design Mission • Design Requirements • New Technologies • Sizing Code • Next Steps • In depth analysis of technologies (cost and benefits) • Increase complexity and accuracy of sizing code • Formulate customer, regulatory and design requirements and begin preliminary aircraft performance analysis.

28. References • http://aero.larc.nasa.gov/era_univ/competitions_univ_era.htm 2. “Current Market Outlook 2010-2029,” Boeing Commercial Airplanes Market Analysis, Seattle, WA, Nov. 2010. 3. Leahy, John. “Airbus Global Market Forecast 2010-2029,” Airbus. Toulouse, Dec. 2010. 4. www.guidetothailand.com 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:China_high speed_rail_network.png 6. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/10/google-founders-pick-up-another-big-plane/ 7. “Geographical Map of Asia,” Sep. 2010. [http://www.voyagesphotosmanu.com/geographical_map_asia.html. Accessed 1/22/11.]

29. References 8. Tinseth, Randy, “Sharks and Jets,” Boeing Commercial Airlines, Seattle WA, August 2010. [http://boeingblogs.com/randy/archives/2010/08/sharks_and_jets.html. Accessed 1/22/11.] 9.http://memagazine.asme.org/articles/2006/november/Put_Nozzle.cfm 10. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/RT/2004/RT/RTL-abbott.html 11. http://www.airliners.net/aviation-forums/general_aviation/print.main?id=4065235 12. Nickol, C. L. (2007). Hybrid Wing Body Configuration System Studies. 13. www.boeing.com/companyoffices/gallery