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Context and general remarks

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Context and general remarks

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  1. Sustainable Public Procurement in EU Member States – The survey results Presentation given at the 15th meeting of the EU High-Level Group on CSRBrussels, 7 May 2007Dr. Reinhard SteurerAstrid Konrad MARIMAS - Research Institute for Managing SustainabilityVienna University of Economics and Business Administrationwww.sustainability.euwww.sustainability.eu/csr-policies

  2. Context and general remarks • The project:„Analysis of national policies on CSR, in support of a structured exchange of information on national CSR policies and initiatives“ is commissioned by DG Employment (Tender No VT/2005/063) • The subjectsof to be covered in three separate studies were identified in the CSR HLG meeting on 30 May 2006

  3. Context and general remarks • The project: „Analysis of national policies on CSR, in support of a structured exchange of information on national CSR policies and initiatives“ is commissioned by DG Employment (Tender No VT/2005/063) • The subjects: of the three analyses were identified in the CSR HLG meeting on 30 May 2006 • The aims of the survey: • Amend compendium • Characterize policy instruments • Derive typology of policy approaches/instruments • Success factors and challenges • Identify good practice cases for case studies

  4. Orientation • What is the methodological basis of the survey?Literature, survey interviews, countries covered etc. • What instruments are used in CSR policies?Typology of CSR policies in general • What instruments did we find in the survey?The „toolbox“ of fostering SPP in practice • Were we able to draw some general conclusions?Success factors and challenges … • What are the next steps?Case studies; analysis and SRI

  5. Orientation • What is the methodological basis of the survey?Literature, survey interviews, countries covered etc. • What instruments are used in CSR policies?Typology of CSR policies in general • What instruments did we find in the survey? The „toolbox“ of CSR awareness raising in practice • Were we able to draw some general conclusions?Success factors and challenges … • What are the next steps?Case studies; analyses on SRI and CSR in Public Procurement

  6. Methodological remarks • Literature review:Instruments of CSR Policy and typology of instruments • Studies on SPP initiatives DG Environment (2006) National GPP policies and guidelines • Sustainable Procurement Task Force (2006): International • Benchmarking Final Report • DG Employment (2003, 2006) Compendium on national public policies on CSR in • the EU

  7. Methodological remarks • Literature review:Instruments of CSR Policy and typology of instruments • Studies on SPP initiatives • Survey of public administration experts:Between 26 March & 30 April • 74 contacts, 24 interviews, 7 times (additional) written information

  8. Institutional affiliation of interview partners Other governmental institutions: 6 (19%) Ministry of Environment: 8 (26%) Ministry of Finance: 5 (16%) Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs: 8 (26%) Ministry of Trade and Industry: 4 (13%)

  9. Methodological remarks • Literature review:Instruments of CSR Policy and typology of instruments • Studies on SPP initiatives • Survey of public administration experts:Between 26 March & 30 April • 74 contacts, 24 interviews, 7 times (additional) written information • Countries covered: • 26: 24 with survey contacts; 2 with information from other studies

  10. Countries covered in the survey • Green: survey • Orange: other studies • Grey: not covered

  11. Methodological remarks • Literature review:Instruments of CSR Policy and typology of instruments • Studies on SPP initiatives • Survey of public administration experts:Between 26 March & 30 April • 74 contacts, 24 interviews, 7 times (additional) written information • Countries covered & number of initiatives: • 26: 24 with survey contacts; 2 with information from other studies • 103 SPP initiatives identified • Accuracy and completeness of the results: • Panel of experts advises us • Completeness depends on the survey answers • 103 SPP identified - comprehensive but not a complete picture

  12. Overview • What is the methodological basis of the survey?Number of interviews, countries covered etc. • What instruments are used in CSR policies?Typology of CSR policies in general • What instruments did we find in the survey? The „toolbox“ of CSR awareness raising in practice • Were we able to draw some general conclusions?Success factors and challenges … • What are the next steps?Case studies; analyses on SRI and CSR in Public Procurement

  13. CSR policy instruments in general • Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings • Partnering instruments:Networks, partnerships, dialogues • Financial or economic instruments: Economic incentives, subsidies, grants • Mandating (legal) instruments:Laws, regulations, decrees • Source: Fox T, Ward H, Howard B. 2002. Public Sector Roles in Strengthening Corporate Social Responsibility: A Baseline Study. Washington D.C.: World Bank; http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdf/full/16014IIED.pdf “soft-law approach” regulatory approach

  14. Orientation • What is the methodological basis of the survey?Number of interviews, countries covered etc. • What instruments are used in CSR policies?Typology of CSR policies in general • What instruments did we find in the survey?The „toolbox“ of SPP in practice • Were we able to draw some general conclusions?Success factors and challenges … • What are the next steps?Case studies; analyses on SRI and CSR in Public Procurement

  15. Instruments to facilitate SPP • Informational or endorsing instruments: • Partnering instruments: Networks, partnerships, dialogues • Financial or economic instruments Economic incentives, subsidies, grants • (Mandating instruments):Laws, regulations, decrees Example Cyprus: Best Practice Guide on SPP & training of 600 public procurers (start in May 2007) 3.9% Educational activities: conferences, seminars, trainings 11.7% Information resources: websites, studies, reports etc. 13.6% Government-sponsored guidelines (focus & target group differences) 1,9% Information campaigns (Ireland 2004, Cyprus 2006)

  16. Instruments to facilitate SPP • Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings • Partnering instruments: Networks, partnerships, dialogues • Financial or economic instruments: Economic incentives, subsidies, grants • (Mandating instruments): • Laws, regulations, decrees Netherlands: PIANOo: Network of public procurers Focus: environmental & social Target group: public sector in general www.pianoo.nl 1 Network

  17. Instruments to facilitate SPP • Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings • Partnering instruments: Networks, partnerships, dialogues • Financial or economic instruments:Economic incentives, subsidies, grants • (Mandating instruments): • Laws, regulations, decrees No instrument found that provides direct economic incentives to businesses, but … (see below)

  18. Instruments to facilitate SPP • Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings • Partnering instruments: Networks, partnerships, dialogues • Financial or economic instruments: Economic incentives, subsidies, grants • Mandating (legal) instruments:Laws, regulations, decrees 25.2% Laws that often allow SPP but do not prescribe it (EU directives relevant)

  19. EU Directives* on PP: Status of implementation 19: implemented 2 (Es, Lux): in preparation 1: not implemented 5: status unclear * „Procurement directive“ 2004/18/EC „Utilities directive“ 2004/17/EC

  20. Instruments to facilitate SPP • Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings • Partnering instruments: Networks, partnerships, dialogues • Financial or economic instruments: Economic incentives, subsidies, grants • Mandating (legal) instruments:Laws, regulations, decrees 4.9% Circulars (UK & F) on specific SPP issues (wood, energy, food) 4.9% Decrees/resolutions that ask for SPP (legal status differs across countries) 25.2% Laws that often allow SPP but do not prescribe it (EU directives relevant)

  21. Hybrid instruments • Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings • Partnering instruments: Networks, partnerships, dialogues • Financial or economic instruments: Economic incentives, subsidies, grants • (Mandating instruments):Laws, regulations, decrees 27.2%Action plans/programmes/strategies for SPP

  22. Member States with National Action Plans on SPP/GPP 9: NAP adopted 7: NAP in preparation/ drafted 3: No (draft) NAP 8: Status unclear

  23. Hybrid instruments • Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings • Partnering instruments: Networks, partnerships, dialogues • Financial or economic instruments: Economic incentives, subsidies, grants • (Mandating instruments):Laws, regulations, decrees • Example UK: • National Procurement Strategy for local governments (2003) • Government Strategy on SPP (2005, departments are required to develop own strategies) • SP Task Force (2005-6) • Sustainable Procurement Action Plan (2007) 27.2%Action plans/programmes/strategies for SPP

  24. Hybrid instruments • Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings • Partnering instruments: Networks, partnerships, dialogues • Financial or economic instruments: Economic incentives, subsidies, grants • (Mandating instruments):Laws, regulations, decrees 27.2%Action plans/programmes/strategies for SPP 5.8%: Platforms, centres, other institutions

  25. Overview of SPP initiatives Educational activities, e.g. conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9% Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8% Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6% Action plans/programmes/strategies for CSR; 27.2% Information resources, e.g. websites, studies, reports, etc.; 11.7% Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9% Circulars; 4.9% Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0% Decrees, resolutions; 4.9% Laws; 25.2%

  26. Overview of SPP initiatives Educational activities, e.g. conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9% Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8% Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6% Action plans/programmes/strategies for CSR; 27.2% Information resources, e.g. websites, studies, reports, etc.; 11.7% Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9% Economic/financial instruments are missing, but… Circulars; 4.9% Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0% Decrees, resolutions; 4.9% Laws; 25.2%

  27. Overview of SPP initiatives Educational activities, e.g. conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9% Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8% Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6% Action plans/programmes/strategies for CSR; 27.2% Information resources, e.g. websites, studies, reports, etc.; 11.7% Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9% Circulars; 4.9% Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0% Decrees, resolutions; 4.9% Laws; 25.2%

  28. Focus of SPP initiatives: Environmental and/or social? Focus not identified (3.9%) Social only(6.8%) Environmental & social (47.6%) Environmental only (41.7%)

  29. Target groups of SPP initiatives Public sector in general; 66.0% National/federal level; 19.4% Business; 10.7% „Direct“ target group: 92.2% public sector „Indirect“ target group 100% businesses Others; 1.9% Regional and/or local level; 6.8% not identified; 8.7%

  30. Target groups: comparison with „relevance in general“ Mentioned by 12.5% of interviewees when asked for „relevant target groups of SPP in general“ Public sector in general; 66.0% National/federal level; 19.4% Business; 10.7% Mentioned by 37.5% of interviewees Others; 1.9% Success factors Regional and/or local level; 6.8% not identified; 8.7%

  31. Orientation • What is the methodological basis of the survey?Number of interviews, countries covered etc. • What instruments are used in CSR policies?The „toolbox“ of CSR policy in general • What instruments did we find in the survey? The „toolbox“ of CSR awareness raising in practice • Were we able to draw some general conclusions?Success factors and challenges • What are the next steps?Case studies; analyses on SRI and CSR in Public Procurement

  32. Success factors • Involvement of procurers, businesses & NGOs (7 mentions): • In order to increase commitment among stakeholders and get new ideas • Type of support for public procurers (5): • Up-to-date, specific and practical support to public procurers (criteria catalogues, contract samples, legal advice) • For new EU Member States, in particular regarding NAPs (5): • European exchange and support with/by other countries, the European Commission, other experts

  33. Challenges & obstacles • Belief that GPP/SPP is more/too expensive (12 mentions) • Economically not feasible, beyond budgetary contraints … • Qualifications & support (12) • Lack of awareness and engagement among procurers • Lack of practical support and adequate training (confirmed by instruments found in survey – 4% “educational activities”) • Legal concerns (8) • Legal situation not clear to procurers, more expertise (and training) needed to meet legal requirements • Political commitment too weak (3)

  34. General issues • SPP is an important tool to foster CSR • Most relevant issues: environmental, social, both? • It depends (6) • All equally important (2) • Environmental aspects are more important (10) • Social aspects get more important (3) • Major drivers • Climate change debate (5) • International/European policies (5) • Public opinion (4) • Local communities interested in avoiding social & environmental costs (3)

  35. Orientation • What is the methodological basis of the survey?Number of interviews, countries covered etc. • What instruments are used in CSR policies?Typology of CSR policies in general • What instruments did we find in the survey? The „toolbox“ of CSR awareness raising in practice • Were we able to draw some general conclusions?Success factors and challenges … • What are the next steps? 3 case studies on SPP initiatives Survey results & case studies will be documented in final report Survey on public initiatives fostering Socially Responsible Investments (SRI)

  36. Thanks for your support! reinhard.steurer@wu-wien.ac.at RIMAS - Research Institute for Managing Sustainability Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration www.sustainability.eu www.sustainability.eu/csr-policies

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