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Work Tests to Evaluate Performance. Factors That Contribute to Physical Performance. What the Athlete Gains From Physiological Testing. Information regarding strengths and weaknesses Can serve as baseline data to plan training programs Feedback regarding effectiveness of training program
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What the Athlete Gains From Physiological Testing • Information regarding strengths and weaknesses • Can serve as baseline data to plan training programs • Feedback regarding effectiveness of training program • Understanding about the physiology of exercise
Effective Physiological Testing • Relevant to the sport • Valid and reliable • Sport-specific • Repeated at regular intervals • Carefully controlled procedures • Interpreted to the coach and athlete
Testing of Maximal Aerobic Power • VO2max testing • Should be specific to athlete’s sport • Should use large muscle groups • Optimal test length: 10-12 minutes • Criteria of VO2max • Respiratory exchange ratio 1.15 • HR in last stage 10 beats•min-1 of HRmax • Plateau in VO2 with increasing work rate
Testing Peak VO2 in Paraplegic Athletes • Paraplegic athletes can be tested using arm exercise • Arm ergometers • Wheelchair ergometers • Highest VO2 measured during arm exercise is not considered VO2max • Called “peak VO2”
Laboratory Tests to Predict Endurance Performance • Lactate threshold • Exercise intensity at which blood lactic acid begins to systematically increase • Blood samples taken during incremental exercise
Critical power • Speed at which running speed/time curve reaches plateau
Peak running velocity • Highest speed that can be maintained for >5 seconds
Tests to Determine Running Economy • Measurement of the oxygen cost of running at various speeds • Greater running economy reflected in lower oxygen cost • Higher economy means that less energy is expended to maintain a given speed
Running Economy and LT Results From Incremental Exercise Test
Estimating 10,000m Running Time Using LT and Running Economy • VO2 at LT • 40 ml•kg-1•min-1 • VO2 of 40 ml•kg-1•min-1 • equals running speed of 205 m•min-1 • Estimated 10,000m running time 10,000m 205 m•min-1 = 48.78 min
Ultra short-term tests Tests ATP-PC system Examples Margaria power test Stair running Jumping power tests Running power tests Series of 40-yard dashes Cycling power tests Short-term tests Tests anaerobic glycolysis Examples Cycling tests Wingate test Running tests Sport-specific tests Determination of Maximal Anaerobic Power
Evaluation of Muscular Strength • Isometric measurement • Static force of muscle using tensiometer • Isotonic measurement • Constant tension • 1 RM lift, handgrip/back-lift dynamometer • Isokinetic measurement • Variable resistance at constant speed • Variable resistance devices • Variable resistance over range of motion