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Visualization of Word Meanings Using Formal Concept Analysis and Concept Lattices

Visualization of Word Meanings Using Formal Concept Analysis and Concept Lattices. L John Old School of Computing Napier University Edinburgh, Scotland. Roget’s Thesaurus Structure of Roget’s Thesaurus Using FCA to visualize and explore semantic relationships within Roget’s Thesaurus

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Visualization of Word Meanings Using Formal Concept Analysis and Concept Lattices

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  1. Visualization of Word Meanings Using Formal Concept Analysis and Concept Lattices L John Old School of Computing Napier University Edinburgh, Scotland

  2. Roget’s Thesaurus • Structure of Roget’s Thesaurus • Using FCA to visualize and explore semantic relationships within Roget’s Thesaurus • Indo-European roots • Using FCS to explore structural relationships between roots • Using FCA to explore relationships between the etymological descendants of roots within Roget’s Thesaurus

  3. Hierarchy Sense Index Roget’s Thesaurus Conceptual Hierarchy • Class • Roman sub-class (R-Class) • Letter sub-class (L-Class) • Category • Paragraph: [POS] • Sense: {Entry, entry, entry, ... [Crossref]} (Word Index)

  4. Roget Top Level Classes (1963 Edition--RIT) • Abstract Relations • Space (dimensions) • Physics (physical properties) • Matter (materials) • Sensation (senses) • Intellect • Volition (motivation) • Affections (emotions)

  5. Under the Hierarchy: words are polysemous

  6. Conceptual Hierarchy - Senses of “over” (11 of 22) Abstract Relations Relation Quantity Order Number Time Power Absolute Relation Comparitive Quantity Conjunctive Quantity Whole- someness Consecutive Order Indeterminate Number Absolute Time Relative Time Power in General Addition 40 Posteriority 117 Impotence 157 Relation 9 Superiority 36 Completeness 56 End 70 Repetition 103 Time 105 Remainder 43 The Past 119

  7. ENTRY=40:10:1-over CATEGORY Sense Index PARAGRAPH 40. Addition NOUNS 1. … ADVS. 10. and also, additionally, in addition, and all [coll.], yet, extra, on the side [slang], moreover, farther, further, furthermore, overplus, again, more, similarly, likewise, by the same sign, by the same token, item, also, then, to boot, and so, as well, too, else, au reste [F.], besides, plus, into the bargain, past, on top of, over, above, over and above, at that [coll.], beyond, beside; ... PREPS. etc. 11 with, including ... SENSE Index word

  8. WORD Word Index Index word • over • verbs • … • advs. additionally 40:10 • throughout 56.18 • ... • preps. concerning 9.12 • exceeding 36.20 • ... • on 227.40 • ... • OVER AGAINST • … • overabound • ... PARAGRAPH CATEGORY ENTRY=40:10:1-over

  9. Word-Sense Relation WORDS Synonymy SENSES Polysemy ENTRY=40:10:1-over

  10. - 34.3.4 - 394.14.2 - 396.1.1 Senses and Synonyms of SEA (synset level) 34.3.4 sea, ocean, oceans, worlds… 394.14.2 sea, heavy swell. 396.1.1 sea, ocean, mere … sea

  11. mere Senses of the Synonyms of SEA (synset level)

  12. “mere” nested line diagram (full hierarchy)

  13. Senses (8) and synonyms (49)of ”agitate”

  14. GIS “Lattice map”

  15. Web Map Interface

  16. Map Server Query

  17. Using FCA to visualize IndoEuropean root relationships • Inter-root structural relationships • Root derivatives (descendants) in Roget’s Thesaurus

  18. Grimm’s Law GHESLO- => kilo SKRIBH- => scribe, enscribe, script, … BHEL-3 => bloom, … flower DHE- => do, … thesis DHES- => deus, … theology

  19. Consonant Elements SKRIBH- {cut, separate} (S)GH-R(-)-BH • Elements • GH • BH • DH • R, L • M, N • W • (S) • -(AEIOU)- GHREBH KREUP- {scab} GH-R(--)-BH GHREBH

  20. Indo European Roots meaning “cut” IE Root Meaning BHERDH- cut GHEL-3 cut GHER-4 scratch, carve, cut GLEUBH- cut, cleave KES-1 cut Kel-1 strike, cut MAI-1 cut PEIG-1 cut, mark by incision PEU- cut, stamp, strike REI-1 cut, scratch, tear SEK- cut SKEI- cut, split, separate SKEL-1 cut (S)KEP- cut, scrape, hack SKER-1 cut SKREU- cut, cutting tool SKRIBH- cut, separate SMI- cut, work with a sharp tool SWER-3 cut, pierce TEM- cut (S)GHE }

  21. Consonant Element Classification of Roots meaning “cut”

  22. “Prototypical” words descended from “cut” roots Root English #Descendants BHERDH- BOARD 3 GHEL-3 GELD 1 GHER-4 GASH 2 GLEUBH- CLEAVE 3 KEL-1 GLADIATOR 9 KES-1 CASTRATE 4 MAI-1 MAIM 5 PEIG-1 PIGMENT 6 PEU- AMPUTATE 9 REI-1 REAP 7 SEK- SICKLE 11 SKEI- SHED 12 SKEL-1 SCULPT 12 (S)KEP- SHAPE 11 SKER-1 SCAR 24 SKREU- SHRED 5 SKRIBH- SCRIBE 10 SMI- SMITH 1 SWER-3 SWORD 1 TEM- ATOM 8 }

  23. English words derived from IE Roots meaning “cut”

  24. Sek- a close-up of one “cut” root • SEK- > extended roots skei-, sker-1 (Pokorny 2. sk- 895) • Descendant Words: {dissect, insect, intersect, notch, saw, scythe, section, sector, segment, sickle, skin} • 11 words in 54 senses in 36 RT Categories

  25. All Categories of senses of descendants of IE root SEK-

  26. Restricted Categories of senses of descendants of SEK- (Categories with at least 2 SEK- descendants)

  27. END

  28. DE ROOT ENG Brett BHERDH- BOARD clever GLEUBH- CLEAVE Ameise MAI-1 ANT Feile PEIG-1 FILE amputieren PEU- AMPUTATE reif REI-1 RIPE Insekt SEK- INSECT Sektor SEK- SECTOR Sense SEK- SCYTHE Sichel SEK- SICKLE Schi SKEI- SKI Schale SKEL-1 SHELL scharf SKER-1 SHARP Schrot SKREU- SHRED/scrap Schmied SMI- SMITH Anatomie TEM- ANATOMY Cognates – De/Eng

  29. Compounding • Wheel (circle, …) < kw(e)-kwl-o- < kwel + kwel < KWEL-1 [ = turn, move around, revolve] • Quarter (four, …) < OE fower < Gc *fe(d)wor- < KWETWER- < KWET- + WER- [ = poss KWET- strike, shake; WER-3 turn, bend ]

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