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Classification of Gr+ bacteria (I part). Tribe: Actinobacteria Class: Actinobacteria Order: Actinomycetales F.: Micrococcace F: Corynebacteriaeceae F: Mycobacteriaceae F: Nocardiaeace. Classification of Gr+ bacteria (II part). Class : Bacilli Order : Bacillales F.: Bacillaceae
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Classification of Gr+ bacteria (I part) • Tribe: Actinobacteria • Class: Actinobacteria • Order: Actinomycetales • F.: Micrococcace • F: Corynebacteriaeceae • F: Mycobacteriaceae • F: Nocardiaeace
Classification of Gr+ bacteria (II part) • Class : Bacilli • Order : Bacillales • F.: Bacillaceae • F.: Listeriaceae • F.: Staphylococcaceae • Order: Lactobacillales • F.: Lactobacillaceae • F.: Enterococcaceae • F.: Streptococcaceae
Class: Actinobacteria • Order : Actinomycetales • F: Micrococcaceae
G+ cocci • F: Micrococcaceae (catalase +) • Genera: • Micrococccus (M.luteus) • Kocuria (K.rosea) • Dermacoccus
Class: Bacilli • Order Bacillales • F. Staphylococcace • Order Lactobacillales • F: Streptococcaceae • F.:Enterococcaceae • F.:Lactobacillaceae
Staphylococcus • Coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) • Toxins: • hemolysines (alpha, beta, gama, delta) • enterotoxines • exfoliative toxin • Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS)
Staphylococcal species • CPS • S.aureus • S.intermedius, S.pseudointermedius • S.hyicus subsp. hyicus • CNS • S.epidermidis • S.chromoges S.sciuri
Resistant isolates 90% - penicillins 4O%- macrolides/. linkosamides MRSA- methicillin rezistant S.aureus Aditional penicilline binding proteins PBP are produced ´ with low avidity to betalactams Antibiotic rezistence in S.aureus
Antibiotic rezistence in S.pseudointermedius • MRSP isolates from dogs in Sweden • mecA gene • Isolates from post operative wound infections
Antibiotic rezistence in S.intermedius • Multiresistant strains. Clindamycin erytromycine,streptomycine, tetracycline and enrofloxacin
Streptococcus Pyogennic haemolytic streptococcoci S.pyogenes (ser. group A) human infections • S.agalactiae (ser. group B) cattle, man , pig • S.equi (group C) • S. equi subsp. • S.canis (group G) • Other non-haemolytic streptococci: S.suis
New species S.suis • S.suis decribed (1987) and validated (1992) • Major host: pig • Pathogenicity for pigs and humans • Habitat: tonzils • About 35 serovars is recognised (1-35) • Patogenic and nonpatogenic strains
Pig Serotype 1 Serotype1/2 Serotype 2 Srotype 3 Serotype 4 Serotype 7 Serotype 8 Serotype 9 Serotype 16 Man Serotype 2 Pathogenic serotypes of S. suis
Factors associated with patogenicity and virulence • Capsule (polysacharide) • Adherence • Receptors for IgG a albumins • Hemolyzin (suilysin) • Virulent proteins (MRP, EF, MRP*, EF*) • Other proteins (heat shock protein) • Genes responsible for virulence are known
Disease in pigs and humans • Meningitis (serotype 2) • Endocarditis • Bronchopneumonia only in pigs • (Poly) Arthritis (serotype 1) only in pigs
Enterococcus • Habitat: intestine of animals • E. faecium • E.faecalis • Vancomycine rezistence enterococci (VRE) from broilers • VRE - nosocomial (hospital) infection in humans • E. hirae
Lactococcus • Starter cultures • L.lactis • L.cremoris • L.rafinolactis
Grampositive rods forming endospores • Aerobic/facultatively anaerobic: • The genus Bacillus • Anaerobic: • The genus Clostridium
Genus Bacillus • Group of B.cereus: • B.anthracis • B.cereus* • B.thuringiensis* • B.mycoides • B.pseudomycoides • Group of B.subtilis
B.anthracis • Anthrax in domestic animals (cattle and sheep) • septisemia • Anthrax in man in 3 forms: • cutaneneous • gastrointestinal • pulmonary
Anthrax treatment • 1. Antibiotics: • humans: ciprofloxacin (fluorochinolone) • cattle and sheep: penicillins • 2. Specific antibodies (hyperimmune serum): • humans : very limited • animals : very ofen in use
B.cereus • toxinogenic B.cereus causes food poisoning in man: • 1) diarrhoeal syndrom • 2) emetic syndrom • toxinogenic B.cereus as feed poisoning in pigs
Laboratory diagnostics of enterotoxigenic B.cereus • Foodstaffs samples/ rectal swabs • Cultivation on selective media • Evidence of enterotoxins • BCET-REPLA for HBL toxin • ELISA for NHE
Resistance to antimicrobial agents in B.cereus • Low susceptibility to penicillins and cephalosporins
Genus Clostridium -pathogenic species • Neurotoxic species: • C.botulinum - botulism • C.tetani - tetanus • Histotoxic species:C.peringens, C.chauvoei, C.novyi, C.septicum, C.sordelii…. • Enteric and Enterotoxemic species: • C.perfringens -nekrotic enteritis (poultry, calves, piglets) • C.difficile - colitis (man, horse, pig, dog)
Taxons of inserte sedis • F.: Erysipelothrichaceae • G.: Erysipelothrix • E. rhusiopathiae
Listeria • Pathogenic species: • L.monocytogenes • L.ivanovii • virulence factors : • (LLO, PLC, internalin)
L.monocytogenes • Human food borne infection since 1988 • Meningitis • Pregnant women- fetal infection- stillbirth • Neonatal menigitis • Animal listeriosis (sheep, cattle) – menigitis • abortions • mastitis
L.ivanovii • Pathogen of sheep and other ruminants
Non pathogenic species • L. innocua • L. seeligeri
Erysipelothrix • E. rhusiopathiae • Habitat: tonsils of pigs • In pigs: • septisemia • „ diamond skin diseases“ – urtcal form • artritis • endocarditis
E. rhusiopathiae • In fowl turkeys (septicemia):, chickens • In sheep (septicemia)
Corynebacterium • C.pseudotuberculosis • In sheep and goats: caseous lymphadenitis • Corynebacterium renale, C.cystitidis , C. pilosum: bladder and kidney infections • Corynebacterium renale pyelonephritis in cows
Nocardioform bacteria • Rhodococcus equi • pyogranulomatos pneumonia in foals • virulent strains • virulence plasmid • protein 18 kD Vap A and B
Mycobacteria • G: Mycobacteriun • Patogenic species: • M.tuberculosis complex (one species ?) M. tuberculosis subsp. hominis (H) M.bovis M.bovis subsp.caprae M.microti (vole- rodents) M.africanum (H) • M.leprae – leprosy (H)
Rod Mycobacterium -oprotunic pathogens : • M. avium-intracellulare complex • M.avium • M.avium subsp. avium • M.avium subsp. paratuberculosis • M.avium subsp. silvaticum • M.avium subsp. hominissuis • M.intracellulare • M.kansasii • M.simiae • M.marinum • M.xenopi
Mycoplasma • Cattle • M.bovis,M. bovigenitalium • Pig • M.hyopneumonie, M.hyosynovie, M.hyorhinis • Poultry • M.gallisepticum • M.synoviae • M.meleagridis
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae • Enzootic pneumonia in pigs • aerogenic infection • chronic respirtory desease • Seroconversion after 2-4 weeks • Diagnostics: only PCR , serology suitable as herd test
Mycoplasma haemosuis – new species • (Eperythrozoon suis) extracellular parasite of erythrocytes in pigs – eperythrozoonosis in piglets after weaning or in faterns • M.haemosuis – non detecteble on media in vitro – PCR detection during last decade
M.haemosuis detected in • Blood of newborne piglets • Spleen of newborne piglets
M.haemosuis positive newborne piglets • Clinical signs of low viability • High mortality (30%) during 3 days
G+ bacteria 2008