IS596 IT in Emerging Countries

1. IS596IT in Emerging Countries • Olayele Adelakun (Ph.D) • Assistant Professor CTI • Office: Room 735 CTI 7th Floor • Phone: 312-362-8231 • Fax: 312-362-6116 • Email : yele@cs.depaul.edu • Web: http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/yele

2. Agenda • Expectation? • Course Overview • Areas of Interest • Lecture Notes

3. Expectations? Reasons to study IT in Emerging Country What would you like to get out of this course.

4. Agenda • Expectations? • Course Overview • Areas of Interest • Lecture Notes

5. Course Overview • Objective • Topics • Course Materials • Assignments

6. Objectives • A better understanding of the IT challenges facing organizations in emerging countries • A better understanding of issues involved in building a success global software team. • Students will have a practical exposure to the reality of information technology (IT) in an emerging/-developing country (Brazil). • A visit to Rio

7. Topics • Information Technology Impact on Transnational Firms • Global Software Teams • Crossing Borders • Assessment of Global Software Teams • Problems of Global Software Teams • Solutions to the Global Software Teams Problems • Telecommunications Infrastructure • Development Methodology • Architecture and Task Allocation • Building the Dispersed Team through Trust, Communication, and Personal Bridges • Specialized Management Techniques • Offshore IT Outsourcing

8. Course Materials • Case studies • HBS Cases • Submarino.com: The Challenges of B2C Commerce in Latin America. Case 801-350 • PSA: The world’s Port of Call. Case 802-003 • Other supporting documents • Readiness for the Networked World: A guide for Developing Countries by Center for International Development at Harvard University.

9. Grading

10. Group Assignment • About 3-5 Students per group • Analyze one category of the readiness guide. • No single category may be selected by two groups • Deliverables include • Group contribution to the class web site • Presentation of readiness for ICT (only one category per group)

11. Question

12. Agenda • Expectations? • Course Overview • Areas of Interest • Lecture Notes

13. Reference Discipline • Political Science • Economics • Law • Management • International business • Human computer Interface • Cross cultural studies • Law • Sociology • Psychology • Telecommunications • Computer Science

14. Globalization • A definition: • As increased permeability of traditional boundaries such as nations, time and space (Parker, 1998)

15. GLOBAL IT ISSUES • Issues of Interest • To what extent does the growing power of information technology enable globalization? • To what extent does increased globalization create demand and markets for ever more refined information technology? • Do the new technologies enable firms to consider new markets and new activities? • Do the desires of firms for international activities create demand for new technologies? • Are uses for information technology in a global setting merely the logical extension of domestic information technologies? • Does operating internationally create new areas of decision making such as the structure for direct foreign investment • (Iyer, 1988)?

16. IT in Emerging Countries • Area of Interest • National or Country level • Multinational firms (IT vendors and non-IT vendors) • Local vs. global issues • Groups and teams • Individual

17. IT Issues in Emerging Countries • Global IS Issues • At the National level • Social and cultural issues at the country level • Economics • Technology sophistication at the country level • IT policy and legal issues

18. IT Issues in Emerging Countries • Global IS Issues • At the organizational level • Issues involving matching global IS strategy with global business strategy • Issues on the technical platform for Global IS applications • Issues involved in International data sharing • Issues of global IS projects

19. IT Issues in Emerging Countries • Global IS Issues • At the group level level • Global software teams co-ordination • Global project management • Distance and time differences • Cultural issues

20. IT Issues in Emerging Countries • Complexity in Understanding Global IS • Global IS is an extremely broad topic. • There are numerous potential stakeholders. • Global IS can be addressed from the perspectives of • (1) national governments, • (2) economic regions (e.g. EU), • (3) multinational and domestic firms, • (4) firms building vs. using IS technology, • (5) IS (or other) departments within firms, • (6) labor markets within countries, and • (7) consumers. • (8) different business processes across boarders

21. IT Issues in Emerging Countries • Based on detailed interviews with IS executives charged with managing international IS, Ives and Jarvenpaa (1991) outline four aspects of global IS: • Matching global IS strategy to global business strategy; • Issues involving the technical platform for global IS applications • Issues involved in international sharing of data; and • Issues of IS projects spanning cultures.

22. IT Issues in Emerging Countries • Other ways to study IT in Emerging Countries • The impact of information on people of different cultures; • The differences in information sought and used by people of different cultures (and the strategies and approaches to decision making and other task performance by people of different cultures); and • The mechanisms for developing information systems to be developed and/or used by people of different cultures. • For example to what extent do design methodologies used in France, Germany, Japan, or India account for specific cultural values, • Can lessons learned in these countries enrich design methodologies used in Canada or the U.S.? • Diffusion of IS in developing countries

23. Agenda • Expectations? • Course Overview • Areas of Interest • Lecture Notes

24. Globalization and Information Systems • Forces Driving IT in Emerging Countries • Demand for new global consumer • New global business customer • Global outsourcing • Global product R&D • Internal development • Individual development

25. Globalization and Information Systems • Transnational Corporations • The traditional organizational form is changing to one that is both integrated and more similar to a network organizational structure. This new form is labeled transnational corporation. • Globally efficient • Strong locally • Big and small at the same time • IT is central to the success of its operations • IT is part of the corporate strategy

26. Globalization and Information Systems • Global demand • The global customer • Demand for global services and products (hotel, airline, etc.) • Global sourcing and integration of the supply chain • Products are being assembled from multiple sources and information systems are used to coordinate the logistics • Global product R&D and shorter product cycle • Global design (e.g. ford CAD) • Harmonization and standardization of report requirements • Account • Global strategy • Economy of Scale

27. Globalization and Information Systems • Implication of Globalization on IS department • IS department need to be global as well • Integrated Network in which global systems maintenance and development efforts are increasingly shared across boarders • This means that responsibilities are shared globally.

28. Globalization and Information Systems • Implication of Globalization for the IS function • The Integrated Network IS Organization • Development of global applications that support global processes rather than local or regional processes. • A shift away from geographical or national boundaries • Decentralized • IS unit operates independently

29. Globalization and Information Systems

30. Globalization and Information Systems • Characteristics of Integrated Networks • Common global architecture • Powerful telecommunication backbone • Uniform global systems with flexible modules tailored to address systems worldwide • A culture of shared management • A culture of shared application building • A culture of shared innovation

31. Globalization and Information Systems • Characteristics of Integrated Networks • Global IT strategy driven by senior executives • Financial, operations support • Standardization • Architecture, telecom, application, hardware, development process, quality standards etc. • To ease communication between units and partners • Ease of data transfer • Ease of application reuse

32. Globalization and Information Systems • Center for Global Applications • Is a development center that unifies all development work for one or more global application systems • The center are responsible multiple releases of the global applications • The center “own” the global system • End-to-end responsibility from requirement and enhancement requests through pilot testing and global roll-out.

33. Globalization and Information Systems • Center for Global Applications • CGA Problems • Conflict with local or country manager • Business case must be convincing • Flexibility • Budgets source • Creation of a liaison role with the local operation • 360 view.

34. Globalization and Information Systems

35. Agenda • Expectations? • Course Overview • Areas of Interest • Lecture Notes