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Memory and Information Processing Theory

Memory and Information Processing Theory. Robert Arrowood McNair Society. Overview. What is Memory? Working Model Information Processing Theory Test (This Is Not Bad, I Promise. Well, Maybe J ust A Little). What is Memory.

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Memory and Information Processing Theory

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  1. Memory and Information Processing Theory Robert Arrowood McNair Society

  2. Overview What is Memory? Working Model Information Processing Theory Test (This Is Not Bad, I Promise. Well, Maybe Just A Little)

  3. What is Memory The process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present.

  4. Types of Memory Sensory Memory – Initial Stage that holds all incoming information for seconds or fractions of seconds Short-Term Memory (STM) – holds 5-7 items for about 15-30 seconds. Long-Term Memory (LTM) – can hold a large amount of information for years or even decades

  5. Types of Memory Continue Working Memory (WM)– Limited capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, Learning, and reasoning. Same as STM but after coming back from LTM.

  6. Working Model Sensory Store -> STM <-> LTM WM Rehearsal improves ability to transmit information from STM to LTM. Recall is dependent on cues.

  7. Information Processing Theory Miller (1956) First to compare human mind to a computer. 5 + or – 2 for STM

  8. Information Processing Theory Newell, Shaw, & Simon (1958) Input yields processing Processing yields storage or rejection Storage and processing yield behavior Storage yields processing What???

  9. Memory and Information Processing Theory Everything (Input) about us takes in information and transmits it to the sensory store If attended to, sensory store transmits about 7 items to STM (Processing) STM then uses input information to behave (Output) or stores it in LTM (Processing)

  10. Memory and Information Processing Theory When given retrieval cues, LTM transmits information back to WM to cause behavior (Output).

  11. Review Memory Model Information Processing Theory Information Processing Theory and Memory

  12. Test When I change slides you will have twenty seconds to read the entire list and memorize as many things as possible. DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING DOWN!!! Good Luck… You will need it.

  13. Red • Truck • Dog • Fun • Office • McNair • Monster • Spider Man • Apple • Blanket • Chair • Seven • Voice • Rock • Night • Building • Theo • Dancing • Facebook • Sunglasses • Democracy • Adam Levine • Hair • Power • Guitar • Book • Door • 1989 • Sun • Perfection

  14. The Test cont. Take out a piece of paper and pencil and do not do anything until I tell you.

  15. The Test Now write down as many things as you can remember.

  16. Results How did you do? I’m guessing about 5-9 items. What did you do to remember?

  17. References Goldstein, E. (2011). Cognitive Psychology. Wadsworth Publishing: Belmont, California Miller, G. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97. Newell, A., Shaw, J., & Simon. H. (1958). Elements of a theory of human problem solving. Psychological Review, 65(3), 151- 166

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