Media and Instruction

1. Media and Instruction Chapter 1 Why use technology?

2. Instruction and Learning Instruction is? Instructional skills Explaining Demonstrating Questioning Questioning Techniques Levels of Questions Wait Time

3. Media Messages and Methods • Medium (media) – carries the message. • Brain storm a few ideas of instructional media • . • . • .

4. Instructional Media Non-projected Media – photographs, diagrams, displays and models Projected Media – slides, filmstrips, overhead, computer projection Audio Media –cassettes and compact discs Motion media – video Computer-mediated instruction Computer-based multimedia and hypermdia

5. Instructional Media - continued Computer networks – Internet Distance Learning Media – radio, television

6. How to decide the best method? • Questions to ask yourself: • What do I want learners to receive or learn from the presented material? • At the end of class……. • What do my students ALREADY KNOW about the topic? • Will the method I am thinking of using provide my students with a “real world” experience?

7. What is the best way to present the information? • Instructor led presentation • drill and practice activity • demonstration, tutorial • cooperative learning • gaming • simulation • discovery and problem solving

8. More Questions to REFLECT upon: • Will the learner need immediate feedback? • Will the learner have questions that the instructor should answer? • Could this be done in small group or self directed teams? • Is it best for students to do this activity individually?

9. In order for effective instruction to take place communication and feedback between instructor and student must occur.

10. Learning Theories and what they mean to us as teachers: • Behaviorist Perspective- • Big Name guy – B.F. Skinner • Interested in VOLUNTARY BEHAVIOR (learning new skills) vs. REFLECTIVE BEHAVIOR (Pavlov’s dog) • Result • Programmed instruction – leading a learner through a series of instructional steps to desired level of performance –THINK first day of e-portfolio development

11. Learning Theories and what they mean to us as teachers cont.: • Cognitivist Perspective • Big Name guy – Jean Piaget • Interested in mental processes individuals(learners) use in responding to their environment. • RESULT: • Students are less dependent on the guiding hand of the “teacher” and rely more on their own cognitive strategies in using available learning resources. THINK Development of “Who is” PowerPoint Presentations

12. Learning Theories and what they mean to us as teachers cont.: • Constructivist Perspective • Big name guy: Vygotsky • Considers the engagement of students in meaningful experiences as the basis of learning. • Result • Role of instruction is not to dispense facts but to provide students with ways to assemble knowledge. Think role playing or scenarios.

13. Which theory to follow? • USE WHAT WORKS • For students • For information being delivered • FOR YOU!

14. Finding a middle ground: an eclectic approach to instruction.Pg 17 Goals Active participation and interaction Practice Individual differences Reinforcement or feedback Realistic contexts Cooperative groups.

15. Roles of Media in Instruction • Media can serve many roles in instruction: • Instructor-directed • Media provides supplemental support to the instructor. • Instructor –Independent • Media is compiled so students can work independently and/or at their own pace. • Cooperative Learning is also a viable method – students take more responsibility for their learning

16. Becoming a creative manager of the learning experience • Media Portfolios • Thematic Instruction • Distance Education • Special Education

17. Summary – Good TEACHING includes: Selecting material with appropriate elements. Introduce it to learners by relating to prior learning and indicating how it relates to today’s objectives. CONNECT to previous knowledge and “real world”. Present information under best possible environmental conditions Elicit a response (FEEDBACK) from learners Review the content Evaluate its impact.