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Isotopes & Radioactivity

Isotopes & Radioactivity. 12 p + 14 n 0. 12 p + 13 n 0. 12 p + 12 n 0. Isotopes of Magnesium. 12 e -. 12 e -. 12 e -. 24 12. 25 12. 26 12. Atomic symbol Mg Mg Mg. Number of protons 12 12 12. Number of electrons 12 12 12.

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Isotopes & Radioactivity

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  1. Isotopes&Radioactivity

  2. 12p+ 14n0 12p+ 13n0 12p+ 12n0 Isotopes of Magnesium 12e- 12e- 12e- 24 12 25 12 26 12 Atomic symbol Mg Mg Mg Number of protons 12 12 12 Number of electrons 12 12 12 Mass number 24 25 26 Number of neutrons12 13 14 Isotope Notation Mg-24 Mg-25 Mg-26 Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 64

  3. 1 p+ 1 p+ 1 n 1 p+ 2 n 1 e- 1 e- 1 e- H-1 H-2 H-3 Isotopes of Hydrogen Protium Deuterium Tritium (heavy hydrogen) (radioactive hydrogen) (ordinary hydrogen) Ralph A. Burns, Fundamentals of Chemistry 1999, page 100

  4. 1 p+ 1 p+ 1 n 1 p+ 2 n 1 e- 1 e- 1 e- Isotopes of Hydrogen • Protium (H-1) 1 proton, 0 neutrons, 1 electron most abundant isotope • Deuterium (H-2) 1 proton, 1 neutron, 1 electron used in “heavy water” • Tritium (H-3) 1 proton, 2 neutrons, 1 electron radioactive

  5. Isotopes of Three Common Elements Mass Number Mass (amu) 12 12(exactly) C 98.89% 12 6 12.01 C 13.003 1.11% 13 6 13 Cl 35 34.969 75.53% 35 17 35.45 Cl 37 36.966 24.47% 37 17 28 14 29 14 28.09 30 14 LeMay Jr, Beall, Robblee, Brower, Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World , 1996, page 110

  6. Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852 - 1908) Radioactivity (1896) 1. rays or particles produced by unstable nuclei a. Alpha Rays – helium nucleus b. Beta Part. – high speed electron c. Gamma ray – high energy x-ray 2. Discovered by Becquerel – exposed photographic film 3. Further work by Curies

  7. Radioactivity • One of the pieces of evidence for the fact that atoms are made of smaller particles came from the work of Marie Curie(1876 - 1934). • She discovered radioactivity, the spontaneous disintegration of some elements into smaller pieces.

  8. Radioisotopes • Radioactive isotopes • Many uses • Medical diagnostics • Optimal composition of fertilizers • Abrasion studies in engines and tires Radioisotope is injected into the bloodstream to observe circulation.

  9. b 5.73 x 103 years Carbon-14 Potassium-40 b, g 1.25 x 109 years Radon-222 3.8 days a Radium-226 1.6 x 103 years a, g 7.54 x 104 years a, g Thorium-230 Thorium-234 24.1 days b, g Uranium-235 7.0 x 108 years a, g Uranium-238 4.46 x 109 years a Half-Life of Isotopes Half-Lives and Radiation of Some Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes Isotope Half-Life Radiation emitted

  10. Atomic Structure Review • ATOMS • Differ by number of protons • IONS • Differ by number of electrons • ISOTOPES • Differ by number of neutrons

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