Nationalism in Latin America

1. Nationalism in Latin America Chapter 18 Section 4

2. Latin America

3. The Latin American Economy • Early 1900’s, economy was based on export of food and raw materials. • DO NOT WRITE • Argentina – exported beef & wheat • Chile – Nitrates & copper • Brazil and Caribbean nations – sugar • Central America - bananas

4. Role of the United States • 1920’s, U.S. replaced Britain as the foremost investor in L.A. • U.S. put funds directly into production and ran companies themselves. • U.S. owned the United Fruit Company and controlled copper mining in Chile & Peru and oil industries in Mexico, Peru, & Bolivia.

5. Good Neighbor Policy • Policy rejected the use of U.S. military force in Latin America • FDR withdrew the last marines from Haiti in 1934.

6. Impact of the Great Depression • Terrible impact on the L.A. economy. • Exports were no longer in demand. • One positive: G.D. forced the development of new industries. • Most industry was government run.

7. The Move to Authorization • Most L.A. countries had republican forms of government. • In reality, they were run by the church, military leaders, & large landowners. • They used military force to maintain power.

8. Continued… • Unrest caused leaders to exercise stricter controls. • Examples: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina

9. Argentina

10. Argentina • Controlled by an oligarchy. • Made up of the wealthy landowners. • 1916, Hipolito Irigoyen, Radical Party, elected president. • 1930, military overthrew the government & reestablished the oligarchy.

11. Hipolito Irigoyen

12. Continued… • During World War II, military officers formed the Group of United Officers (GOU). • GOU overthrew the government in 1943. • Juan Peron elected president.

13. Juan Peron

14. Brazil

15. Brazil • 1889, formed a republican government. • Controlled by landed elites who became wealthy by growing coffee. • By 1900, ¾ of world’s coffee was grown in Brazil. • Great Depression hurt coffee prices.

16. Continued… • 1930, military coup made Getulio Vargas president of Brazil. • 1937, Vargas made himself dictator and established a Fascist dictatorship. • 1945, the army forced Vargas to resign.

17. Getulio Vargas

18. Mexico • The post-revolution government was democratic in form. • The PRI controlled politics. • 1934, Lazaro Cardenas became president. • He wanted to follow through with the ideas of the revolution. • He redistributed land to peasants and took a strong stand with the U.S., especially over oil.

19. Lazaro Cardenas

20. Continued… • After a dispute, Cardenas seized control of the oil fields. • U.S. oil companies asked FDR to intervene, but he refused. • Mexico paid for the property and set up PEMEX.

21. Culture in Latin America • Early 20th century, European artistic & literary movements influenced L.A. culture. • Many artists expressed a national spirit. • Diego Rivera was a Mexican artist who studied in Europe. • Rivera wanted to create a national art that would include Mexico’s past, its cultural heritage, and carry a social and political message.

22. Diego Rivera Frida Reparte Armas Carro de Flores

23. Diego Rivera Noche de Ricos Frida Khalo y Diego Rivera

24. End of Chapter 18 *****BRING YOUR NOTEBOOK TO CLASS TOMORROW*****