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Spanish Perfect Tense Lesson

Learn how to form the perfect tense in Spanish with regular verbs and recognize irregular verbs. Practice forming negatives and reflexive verbs.

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Spanish Perfect Tense Lesson

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  1. Have a look at the following verbs, in a selection of tenses. What do they all have in common? Which ones don’t you recognise? What do you think they might mean? All in a past tense bebí salía fui compraba He comido tomé cantaba I have eaten He bebido hablé salí I have drunk He hablado comí iba I have spoken

  2. viernes el doce de marzo The Perfect Tense Aim: To be able to form the perfect tense in Spanish

  3. By the end of this lesson you…. • MUST be able to form regular verbs in the perfect tense • SHOULD be able to recognise the perfect tense in a text, including irregular verbs • COULD be able to form negatives in the perfect tense, including reflexive verbs

  4. The perfect tense is the exact equivalent to the English “I have seen”, “she has lost” etc. As in English it consists of part of the verb “to have” plus a past participle (seen, lost etc). María ha perdido su bolsa – María has lost her bag

  5. To form the perfect tense in Spanish you need to do the following: • HABER • He • Has • Ha • Hemos • Habéis • Han • Find the correct form of the verb HABER for the “have” part depending on who has done the verb Eg: “he” = I have, “has” = you (sing,inf) have • Find the infinitive of the verb that has been done Eg: “spoken” – to speak - hablar • Turn it into a past participle by doing the following: • Take off the 2-letter ending • For –ar verbs add “-ado” • For –er and –ir verbs add “-ido” X Eg: hablar - habl- Eg: habl- + -ado =hablado Eg: “eaten” – eat - comer ...com- …comido Eg: “lived” – to live - vivir ...viv- …vivido

  6. Now have a go at forming the following sentences in the perfect tense: NOTE: the verb “ir” (to go) is NOT irregular in the perfect tense although it may look like it!! It follows the same rules as other verbs so don’t panic!! • He perdido • Ha jugado • Juanita ha ido • Hemos dado • Has estado • EXTENSION • Han salido al parque • Habéis venido a ver Señor Jones • He tenido un día fantástico • Francisco y Alejita han visitado sus padres en Australia • Hemos andado diez kilómetros hoy • I have lost (perder) • She has played (jugar) • Juanita has gone (ir) • We have given (dar) • You (sing,inf) have been (estar) • EXTENSION • They have gone out (salir) to the park • You (pl,inf) have come (venir) to see Mr Jones • I have had (tener) a fantastic day • Francisco and Alejita have visited (visitar) their parents in Australia • We have walked (andar) ten kilometres today

  7. !!!HOWEVER!!! Vocab sheet There are some verbs that have irregular past participles, which you need to learn by heart: Fill in the gaps on your vocab irregulars sheet Abrir (to open) Decir (to say) Descubrir (to discover) Escribir (to write) Describir (to describe) Hacer (to make/do) Morir (to die) Poner (to put) Romper (to break) Ver (to see) Volver (to return) abierto (opened) dicho (said) descubierto (discovered) escrito (written) describierto (described) hecho (made/done) muerto (died) puesto (put) roto (broken) visto (seen) vuelto (returned)

  8. Identifying the Perfect Tense Esta mañana he hecho muchas cosas. Primero, me he encontrado con mi madre en el pueblo, y hemos ido de compras. Después, he visitado a mi hermano. Ha estado enfermo, entonces le he dado unas aspirinas para que se mejore. Al mediodía he cocinado, he comido, y he limpiado la casa porque esta noche nos van a visitar mis amigos de Escocia. Me he preocupado mucho porque no he preparado mucho para la visita. Ya que mi marido ha vuelto del trabajo vamos a arreglar todo. • I have done • I have met • We have been • I have visited • He has been • I have given • I have cooked • I have eaten • I have cleaned • I have worried • I have (not) prepared • has returned • Go through the text and highlight all the verbs in the perfect tense • Write underneath what each one means in English (12 in total)

  9. To make the perfect tense negative you simply add “no” in front of the “haber” part: • E.g: No he comprado (I haven’t bought) • The 2 parts (haber + past participle) do not get separated • For reflexive verbs you add your reflexive pronoun in front of the “haber” part: • E.g: Se ha despertado (He has woken up) • To make the reflexive verbs in the perfect tense negative you add “no” in front of the reflexive pronoun: • E.g: No se ha despertado (He has not woken up)

  10. Now have a go at writing down 5 things you have/haven’t done today (it doesn’t have to be the truth!) – BE IMAGINATIVE! Ejemplo: Hoy he ido al colegio, pero no he comido una pizza. EXT: Try to include at least one reflexive action! eg: Me he despertado

  11. Plenary • Match the English with the correct Spanish by colour-coding. • NOTE – there is one irregular and one reflexive: can you identify these?

  12. By the end of this lesson you…. • MUST be able to form regular verbs in the perfect tense • SHOULD be able to recognise the perfect tense in a text, including irregular verbs • COULD be able to form negatives in the perfect tense, including reflexive verbs

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