BIOTECHNOLOGY

1. BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. What is Biotechnology?

3. Biotechnology refers to the use of microorganisms or biological substances . • Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses. • Biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet. • Modern use similar term includes genetic engineering as well as cell- and tissue culture technologies.

4. Advances In Biotechnology • Heal the World • Fuel the World • Feed the World

5. Application In Biotechnology

6. APPLICATION Branches of biotechnology: Bioinformatics Blue biotechnology Green biotechnology Red biotechnology White biotechnology

7. APPLICATION Four major industrial areas: • Agriculture biotechnology • Medicine biotechnology • Industrial biotechnology • Environmental biotechnology

8. 1) AGRICULTURE • Also referred to as “genetic engineering” or “genetic modification” (GM) • Is a more sophisticated and precise means of modifying plant genes. • Biotechnology enables the transfer of only a few select plant genes • Breeders essentially cut the desirable traits out of one plant’s DNA and paste them into another — a process called “gene splicing.”

9. 1) AGRICULTURE (con’t) Biotechnology’s Critical Benefits: • Promises to reduce world hunger and disease • Promises to play a critical role in reducing blindness caused by vitamin A deficiencies.

10. 2) MEDICINE • Use of living cells and cell materials to research and produce pharmaceutical and diagnostic products that help treat and prevent human diseases. • Work in academic or industrial settings. • Medical biotechnology field has helped bring to market microbial pesticides, insect-resistant crops, and environmental clean-up techniques. • Entry-level jobs in the medical biotechnology field fall in several categories.

11. 3) INDUSTRIAL • Or “White” Biotechnology is the application of biotechnology for the environmentally-friendly production and processing of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, materials and bio-energy. • Most promising new approaches to pollution prevention, resource conservation, and cost reduction. • Offers businesses a way to reduce costs and create new markets while protecting the environment.

12. 3) INDUSTRIAL (con’t) • Produced enzymes for use in our daily lives and for the manufacturing sector. • Uses enzymes and micro-organisms to make products in sectors • Lead to new products manufactured with less energy consumption, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, higher yields and reduced waste.

13. 4) ENVIRONMENTAL • Biotechnology is applied to and used to study the natural environment. • Imply that one try to harness biological process for commercial uses and exploitation. • Can simply be described as "the optimal use of nature, in the form of plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and algae, to produce renewable energy, food and nutrients in a synergistic integrated cycle of profit making processes where the waste of each process becomes the feedstock for another process".

14. 4) ENVIRONMENTAL (con’t) • Multidisciplinary integration of sciences and engineering in order to utilize the huge biochemical potential of microorganisms, plants and parts thereof for the restoration and preservation of the environment and for the sustainable use of resources. • Concerned with the application of biotechnology in the context of environment and at the same time implications of biotechnological development to the environment also will be encompassed.

15. Biotechnology Products

16. Biotechnology Products • Modifying living organisms (at molecular level) for specific industrial processes. • Include:- • Tissue cultures • Prepared media • Biosensor arrays • Reagents • - Used in medical, pharmaceutical, biological, agricultural, scientific, and food and beverage processing applications.

17. Biotechnology Products • Detergents • Enzymes degrade proteins causing stains (those found in grass stains, red wine and soil) • Lipases dissolve fat stains • Thermotolerant and cryotolerant enzymes improve laundry processes

18. Biotechnology Products • Foods and beverages • Make wine, beer, vinegar and cheeses • Improve quality, nutrition value, safety and preservation of foods • Control alcohol and sugar contents • Enzymes turn starch into sugar • Corn and wheat syrups as sweeteners

19. Biotechnology Products • Leather • Enzymes technology replaced harmful chemicals • Faster and more efficient process • Enhance the softness of the hide • Stabilize leather • Reduce water usage • Reduce COD, chromium, and TDS

20. Biotechnology Products • Textiles • Enzymes enhance the preparation of cotton for weaving • Reduce impurities • Reduce rinsing time • Improve colour quality • Reduce production process costs • Reduce consumption of natural resources • Improve the quality of the final product

21. Biotechnology Products • Antibodies • Also known as immunoglobulins • Gamma globulin proteins found in blood and several other bodily fluids • Act as constituent of immune system • Identify and neutralize bacteria and viruses • Produced by “B cell”

22. Advantages VS Disadvantages

23. Advantages VS Disadvantages

24. Advantages VS Disadvantages(con’t)

25. Regulation of Biotechnology

26. Regulation of Biotechnology 1.U.S.Department of Agriculture’s(USDA) -Agencies responsible for ensuring the safety of the agriculture and environment • Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)-responsible for protecting U.S. agriculture and the environment from pests, diseases, and weeds. • Biotechnology Regulatory Services (BRS)-responsible for ensuring the safety of genetically engineered( GE).

27. 2. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) • To ensure the safe use of pesticides • Establishes tolerances for residues of herbicides used on novel herbicide-tolerant crops, including those generated through genetic engineering. 3.U.S.Department of Health and Human Services’ Food and Drug Administration (FDA) • Responsible for ensuring the safety and proper labeling of all plant-derived foods and feeds, including those developed through genetic engineering.

28. Current Issues

29. Current Issue 1:Biotechnology undergrad uses compost to improve harvest • Choi Yu Nen-uses worms to improve his harvest and the taste of the fruits. • Use Vermiculture method of composting by breeding a species of earthworms. • Vermicompost can produce a higher yield of quality fruits

30. Current Issue 2:Money in biotech • The biotechnology industry is important to the country’s economy, contributing about 2% to the gross domestic product (GDP) last year, Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri MuhyiddinYassin said. • 158 companies have been awarded BioNexus status with total investments amounting to RM1.5bil. • Achieved an average growth rate of 162% with investments totalling RM2.9bil up to last year

31. Current Issue 3:Bullish outlook for biotechnology next year • Malaysian Biotechnology Corporation (BiotechCorp) chief executive officer DatukIskandarMizalMahmood-better business scenario next year driven by the improving local and global economy • 17 companies from countries like the United States, Europe, Taiwan and South Korea that had invested in BioNexus companies.

32. Conclusion

33. Conclusion • Future biotechnology products and services are likely to improve the quality of life. Products and services developed for markets in the North may find applications in the South. • The cost of biological research is likely to become affordable for developing countries to develop their own products. The increase in information exchange and access will empower innovators and the public to seek better products and services.