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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. WHO DOES CELLULAR RESPIRATION?. Animals Humans Plants/Algae Basically any organism with nuclei & mitochondria So what other organisms have mitochondria? Mitochondria: organelle in cell that functions in production of energy. WHAT IS CELLULAR RESPIRATION?.

kieran-shaffer
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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  1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

  2. WHO DOES CELLULAR RESPIRATION? • Animals • Humans • Plants/Algae • Basically any organism with nuclei & mitochondria • So what other organisms have mitochondria? • Mitochondria: organelle in cell that functions in production of energy

  3. WHAT IS CELLULAR RESPIRATION? • 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP • Exothermic reaction • Occurs in the mitochondria • Enzymes are necessary for reaction to occur • Where have you heard enzymes before?

  4. WHY DO THEY DO IT? • To release energy stored in food • To convert the energy into a different form of energy that the organism’s cell(s) can use

  5. 2 TYPES OF RESPIRATION • Aerobic:oxygen is present; large amounts of ATP are produced • Anaerobic:absence of oxygen; less amounts of ATP are produced

  6. AEROBIC RESPIRATION: 3 STEPS • Glycolysis: the breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) into pyruvate (3 carbon compound); 2 ATPs formed • Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): converts pyruvate into CO2; 2 ATPs formed • Electron Transport Chain: uses NADH & FADH2 (just carrier molecules) to form 32 ATPs & water

  7. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

  8. GLYCOLYSIS • Means “splitting of sugar” • Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate • Occurs in cytoplasm of cell • Since it happens in the cytoplasm, what does this mean? • Produces 2 ATP molecules

  9. KREB’S CYCLE • Converts pyruvate into CO2 • Occurs in the mitochondria • Produces 2 ATP molecules + NADH + FADH2 + CO2 • Remember NADH and FADH2 are just carrier molecules.

  10. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN • Uses NADH & FADH2 to form ATP & H2O • Occurs in mitochondrial membrane • Produces 32 ATP molecules & water • END RESULT: 36 ATP molecules

  11. ANAEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION • 2 types: • Alcohol Fermentation • Lactic Acid Fermentation • Fermentation: the anaerobic (no oxygen) conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide

  12. ALCOHOL FERMENTATION • 2 Step Process: • Glycolysis [produces 2 ATP molecules] • Pyruvate + NADH  Ethanol (alcohol) + NAD+ + CO2 [produces NO energy] • Final energy total: 2 ATP molecules from 1 molecule of glucose

  13. ALCOHOL FERMENTATION CONT. • Exhibited by yeast in baking bread • Used to make wine or beer

  14. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION • 2 Step Process: • Glycolysis [produces 2 ATP molecules] • Pyruvate + NADH  Lactic Acid + NAD+ [produces NO energy] • Final energy total: 2 ATP molecules from 1 molecule of glucose

  15. LACTIC FERMENTATION CONT. • Exhibited in the souring of milk • Occurs in muscle cells when they run out of oxygen

  16. LACTIC FERMENTATION IN MUSCLES When muscles are exercised & there is not enough O2 in the cells, the cells must get energy another way- lactic acid fermentation.

  17. The lactic acid, if not released, builds up in the muscles & causes fatigue & soreness.

  18. After time, the lactic acid is removed from the muscles, taken to the liver & recycled back into pyruvate.

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