Japan: Land Under the Rising Sun JAPAN-Land Under the Rising Sun

1. Japan: Land Under the Rising Sun Japan: Land Under the Rising SunJAPAN-Land Under the Rising Sun

2. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • How are economic systems structured to meet the needs and wants of different societies?

3. Life on the Archipelago (Archipelago-a chain of islands) • Called the copycat country/Selective Borrower • 98.5% Japanese-homogeneous population/127. 4 million people • Constitutional monarchy/democracy • Prime Minister heads the government • Emperor Akihito is the ceremonial head • The per capita GDP=$32,600, (U.S. $46,000) • Literacy= 99% • Most Japanese practice Buddhism & Shinto

4. The Growth of Japanese Civilization The Four Major Islands (OVER 4000 ISLANDS) • HOKKAIDO • HONSHU • SHIKOKU • KYUSHU

5. Major Cities of Japan Hokkaido Shikoku Honshu Kyushu

6. Mountains • Japan is 70% Mountains • Located on the Pacific “Ring” or “Rim of Fire” causes earthquakes & volcanic eruptions • 190 Volcanoes-mostly inactive • Mt. Fuji-highest elevation/about 12, 388 ft. asl sacred symbol of Japan • Japans Alps is the highest mountain range

7. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: • How do the movements of people and ideas (cultural diffusion) affect world history? • What assumptions do different groups hold about power, authority, governance, and law?

8. The Japanese Adapt Chinese Ideas Traditional Japan • The early ruling families of Japan were called clans (like Chinese dynasties). • The Chinese had a tremendous influence on Japan as its culture was transmitted via Korea • The first Japanese clan was the Yamato Clan

10. From Kyoto to Tokyo

11. Feudalism Erodes Imperial AuthorityPeriod of the Shoguns-”Commander-in-chief” • The Fujiwara Clan will lose power to Minamoto Clan in 1185 • The Minamoto Clan will defeat the Taira Clan and establish the first shogunate or military country • Yoritomo will become the first Shogun of the KamkuraShogunate

13. Japan Limits Western ContactsTokugawa Shogunate (1600’s-1900’s) • The Tokugawa will be the greatest of Japan’s Shogunates • This period will be marked by 300 years of peace • During this time the samurai will study the arts • Tokugawa Ieyasu –was the first Tokugawa shogun • The Tokugawa will rule through strict classes • Edo Becomes capital during reign of the Tokugawa

14. Ranks of Warriors • Emperor • Shogun • Daimyo-Built Castles • Samurai-Protectors

16. An Honorable Death (4:41

17. Strict Feudal Society (Hereditary) • Warriors • Artisans • Peasants • Merchants

18. End of Samurai

19. Contact With the West • Portuguese & Spanish traders arrived in the 1500’s • 300,000 Japanese were converted to Christianity • The Tokugawa will forbid Christianity because it threatened their power • They barred most Europeans from Japan • The Dutch allowed to remain because their only interest was trade not converting people

20. Economic & Social Change(1700’s-1800’s (Japan shifts from rural to urban country) • There was an increase in internal trade • The merchants class rises during this time • Towns develop and more efficient farming methods are improved upon • There is a large movement into the cities • The strict social class structure also breaks down • Eventually the ban on other European countries is relaxed

21. Perry’s Mission (1853) • U.S. Ends Japanese Isolationism • Commodore Matthew Perry • U.S. Demands Trading Privileges • Japan Bows to U.S. Demands • Japan Opens Trade With West

23. Japan Modernizes • In 1853 the U.S. displayed its new military might • Commodore Matthew Perry is sent to Japan by the US with a fleet of warships • Demands trading privileges with the Japanese • With little resistance, Japan bows to U.S. demands after 215 years of seclusion/(Signed unequal treaties) • Japan chooses to abandon its centuries of isolation opened to Trade with West (Treaty of Kanagawa) • Japan swiftly transformed itself into a modern industrial power and set out on its own imperialistic path.

24. The Meiji Restoration The emperor is called Meiji or “Enlightened Ruler” (1868-1912) • Mutsuhito was the 16 year old emperor during this period who loved everything Western • The samurai held the real power at the beginning of the Meiji period and were not totally for modernization • Government officials visit West to study their governments, economies, technology, and customs

26. Changes During the Meiji • Tokyo becomes the new capital • A new constitution & new government is established during the Meiji period using Germany as their model • Government consisted of: 1) Emperor had absolute power 2) Bureaucracy with separate departments 3)Diet-Legislature

27. More Changes During the Meiji • All Japanese are declared equal • Daimyo & Samurai Replaced by Army & Navy • Industrialization of economy was major priority it was funded by silk • Zaibatsu-family owned businesses encouraged by the government • System of Universal Education • Modern banking System • Built postal, telegraph, railroads, factories & ports

28. Japan’s Military Success • Japan needed natural resources & land to complete its industrial development • Japan decides to follow the Western powers in using imperialism to get what it needed • Japan fights China in a war in 1894 and wins, Sino-Japanese War • Japan fights Russia in the Russo-Japanese war in 1905 and wins • Japan gains prestige as a world power after defeating China and Russia • Japan decided to supports the Allies in W.W.I in hopes of gaining new territories for its expansion • Japan leaves its Western style government and turns to militarism or a military government in order to accomplish its imperialistic goals

29. Japan After W.W.I • Japan wants Manchuria to complete its industrialization • Japan withdraws from the newly created League Of Nations after it condemns Japan’s goal of invading China to take Manchuria • The US restricted immigration of Japanese and sends a message of ”hands Off China” to the Japanese • The Japanese experience economic & social problems at home

30. Japanese Expansion(W.W.II) • Japanese Take Manchuria (1931) • Rape of Nanjing (1937) • W.W.II Begins (1939) • Japan -” Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” • Japan makes ties With Germany & Italy

31. War in the Pacific • U.S. Cuts Off Japanese Trade • Japanese Bomb Pearl Harbor (1941) • Leads to Pacific War • Japanese Win Extensive Victories • Japanese Kamikazes • Japanese suffer First Defeat to U.S./1942 at the Battle of Midway Island

32. Bomb & Surrender • August 6, 1945, the nuclear weapon "Little Boy" was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, • Followed on August 9, 1945 by the detonation of the "Fat Man" nuclear bomb over Nagasaki. • Japan Surrenders (1945) Ends W.W.II • Douglas MacArthur Governs Japan

34. General Douglas MacArthur

35. Changes in Japan After W.W.II (1945-1951) • Democratic Constitution Dictated by U.S. • Emperor Becomes Figurehead • Japan Forced to Disband Military And Use of force • Women Given Right to Vote • U.S. Military Bases/Japan Rebuilds Industries

36. Other Facts About Japan • Japan is one of the world's largest economies • ) Japan has few natural resources and imports most raw materials • Japan manufactures cars, electronic equipment, televisions, and other items • The US is Japan’s major trading partner • Parents often enroll their children in juku (cram) schools • The Japanese attend school 6 days a week