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New Research in Probiotics

New Research in Probiotics. Introduction. Humans have evolved in symbiosis with an estimated 10 14 resident microorganisms There are at least 10 x more bacteria cells than human cells in the human body, accounting for 1-3% of total body mass.

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New Research in Probiotics

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  1. New Research in Probiotics

  2. Introduction • Humans have evolved in symbiosis with an estimated 1014 resident microorganisms • There are at least 10 x more bacteria cells than human cells in the human body, accounting for 1-3% of total body mass. • Definition of Probiotics:Live microorganisms which, when ingested in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host.

  3. Objectives • To be able to name at least three probiotic microbes that are beneficial to humans • To be able to think of 2-3 food delivery methods for probiotics that are acceptable to consumers. • To be able to match a probiotic microbe with its corresponding health benefit.

  4. Outline • Historical uses of microbes • Probiotic-immunity background • Research on types of probiotics -Immune Enhancing -Cholesterol lowering -Vitamin D increasing -Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) preventative • Activity • Conclusion

  5. Historical Uses of Microbes • Lactobacillus species have been used throughout history to preserve or create foods through fermentation. • Some examples:

  6. Immune Enhancing Probiotics Background: • Probiotics work against infection in three main ways: • Competitive Inhibition: Using up resources and space that pathogenic bacteria need to thrive • Bactericidal effects: -Lactic acid production lowering pH. -Bacteriocinproduction which inhibits growth of some bacteria and fungi. 3. Immune System Stimulation: ex. Crossing the mucosal cell wall; “keeping the immune system honest”

  7. Immune Enhancing Probiotics • The Study: 4 week trial with healthy individuals • Hypothesis: Probiotic yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus gasseri CECT 5714 and Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT 5711 will enhance immunity markers in healthy humans more than standard yogurt. • Markers Tested: phagocytic activity, total immunoglobulins and cytokines

  8. Immune Enhancing Probiotics • The Results:

  9. Cholesterol Lowering Probiotics • Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 • Some bacteria have the enzyme: bile salt hydrolase (BSH) • BSH active bacteria cleave the bond between the sterol (or bile salt) backbone and the amino acid conjugate. • Deconjugated bile salts are less efficiently reabsorbed than their conjugated counterparts.

  10. Cholesterol Lowering Probiotics • Probiotic organisms with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity: • Bifidobacterium adolescentis • B. animalis • B. breve • B. infantis • B. longum • Bifidobacterium sp. • Lactobacillus acidophilus • L. casei • L. fermentum • L. gasseri • L. helveticus • L. paracasei subsp. paracasei • L. rhamnosus • L. plantarum • *L. Reuteri NCIMB 30242 (Marketed as Cardioviva)*

  11. Vitamin D Increasing Probiotics There are two main proposed mechanisms: • Dietary vitamin D is better absorbed in lower pH environments and L. reuteri produces lactic acid thus lowering intestinal pH. • Reduced absorption of cholesterol increases HMG-CoA reductase activity which leads to increased synthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) • The L. reuteriNCIMB 30242 group increased 25(OH)D by 14.9 nmol/l or 25.5% over the intervention period

  12. Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (AAD) Preventative Probiotics • Antibiotics attack specific bacterial pathogens but in the process end up killing beneficial human microbiota. • Broad-spectrum antibiotics especially, can upset the uniquely balanced gut ratio. • The Gut is left vulnerable and pathogenic bacteria thrive

  13. Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (AAD) Preventative Probiotics • 2000. • C. difficile infection can increase mortality rates by 10%–30% and makes the average LOS 3x greater. • Hospital acquired C. diffinfections are not reimbursable by Medicare • The number of C. difficile related diseases increased by 200% between 2000 and 2005.

  14. Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (AAD) Preventative Probiotics • Saccharomyces boulardii (yeast) • Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG = culturelle • Study done by the Veterans Administration of Puget Sound Health Care System studied the effect of three types of probiotics: Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and probiotic mixture of both). • Patients who received antibiotics were given a dose of the probiotic treatment (in pill form) daily until the antibiotics were finished. • The result: was that these two bacteria individually and combined significantly reduced the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. • Only S. boulardii was significantly effective for C. diff associated diarrhea (CDD).

  15. Activity • Which is not a probiotic microbe known to benefit humans? • Lactobacillus rhamnosus • Lactobacillus gasseri • Leucosporidium frigidum • Saccharomyces boulardii

  16. Match the probiotic with its benefit • Lactobacillus rhamnosus • Lactobacillus gasseri • Lactobacillus reuteri • Increases vitamin D • Reduces incidence of antibiotic associated diarrhea • Increases phagocytic activity

  17. Conclusion • Many different microbes have a multitude of health benefits • Do what you can to promote probiotics among patients and clients • Thank You!

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