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Informal Document: EPPR-03-06e (3rd EPPR Session – June 7, 2013). Working document L-EPPR-01-04. Andrew Nathanson and Matthias Seidl 07 th June 2013. Environmental and Propulsion Performance Requirements of L-Category Vehicles (L-EPPR) Version 1.

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  1. Informal Document: EPPR-03-06e (3rd EPPR Session – June 7, 2013) Working document L-EPPR-01-04 Andrew Nathanson and Matthias Seidl07th June 2013 Environmental and Propulsion Performance Requirements ofL-Category Vehicles (L-EPPR) Version 1 Insert the title of your presentation here Presented by Name HereJob Title - Date

  2. Contents 1 Introduction to the study Priority and structure of future legislation 2 3 4 Development of proposals by TRL and Ecorys Issues and options: Test types II and V Page 2

  3. Contents 1 Introduction to the study Priority and structure of future legislation 2 3 4 Development of proposals by TRL and Ecorys Issues and options: Test types II and V Page 3

  4. Introduction to the study Page 4 • The EC is reaching the end of the process of revising type approval procedures for L-category vehicles • powered cycles, mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles and quadricycles • The EC wishes, as far as possible, to replace the legislative text in the REPPR with references to international regulations to increase harmonisation • The “Environmental and Propulsion Performance Requirements of L-category vehicles” (EPPR) informal working group has been established within the “Working Party on Pollution and Energy” (GRPE) at the UN for this task • On behalf of the EC, an independent consortium comprising of TRL and Ecorys are performing a study to propose changes to various UN regulations to achieve this

  5. Introduction: Areas to be assessed Page 5 • Classification and definitions • L-category vehicle classification (L1e-B, L3-A1 etc.) • Propulsion performance • Maximum vehicle speed • Maximum propulsion power and torque (engine test) • Maximum peak power • Tailpipe related: Emissions over a driving cycle • Type I test – Emissions after cold start • Type II test – Idle emissions • Type VII test – Energy efficiency, i.e. CO2 emissions, fuel/energy consumption, electric range • Type V test – Durability of pollution control devices • Type VIII test – OBD (environmental part) • Non tailpipe related: Emissions from vehicle • Type III test – Crankcase emissions • Type IV test – Evaporative emissions

  6. Contents 1 Introduction to the study Priority and structure of future legislation 2 3 4 Development of proposals by TRL and Ecorys Issues and options: Test types II and V Page 6

  7. Priority and structure of future legislation Page 7 • First • Test type I: Emissions after cold start • Test type IV: Evaporative emissions • Test type VIII: OBD • Second • Test type V: Durability of pollution control devices • Test type III: Crankcaseemissions • Third • Test type VII: Energy efficiency, i.e. CO2 emissions, fuel/energy consumption, electric range • Test type II: Idle emissions • Forth • Propulsion performance requirements (PPR) • Fifth • Classification of vehicles and definitions – Maintain definitions list throughout, for consistency within L-category (and M/N if possible)

  8. Possible UN legislation locations 1998 agreement A B C Categories Definitions Categorisation S.R.1 S.R.1 S.R.1 Type I Type II Type VII Type V • Type VIII (Type VI) Tailpipe related (all others use Type I test cycle) GTR No. 2 GTR No. 2 GTR No. 2 GTR New γ GTR New γ GTR New δ Type III Type IV Non-tailpipe related GTR New α GTR New α GTR New α • Max. vehicle speed Max. propulsionpower / torque Propulsive performance GTR New β GTR New β GTR New β Page 8 Separate annexes for two-wheelers and three-wheelers Empty annex for four-wheelers, implement in 1958 agreement first

  9. Possible UN legislation locations 1958 agreement Propulsive performance Categorisation A B A Categories Definitions • Max. vehicle speed Max. propulsion power / torque R68 R.E.3 New R85 Test Types A B … Type I Type II Type VII • (Type VI) Type V • Type VIII Type III Type IV Also New Reg. Single Regulation Partial Update R40/47 Other possible arrangements? New Reg. New Reg. New Reg. Page 9 Quadricycle work could be applied under 1958 agreement first

  10. Critical path for proposals to UN legislation Type VII Type VIII PPR Type IV Type III Type V Type I Type II Categories Prioritised test areas are analysed first: i.e. tests within GTR No. 2, Evaporative, OBD All except propulsive performance currently being worked on Page 10

  11. Contents 1 Introduction to the study Priority and structure of future legislation 2 3 4 Development of proposals by TRL and Ecorys Issues and options: Test types II and V Page 11

  12. Development of proposals by TRL and Ecorys Test types I to VIII, classification, PPR Cover known issues Identify issues Identify technical issues Identify harmonisation issues UN legislation and proposals Develop options to resolve each issue Regional leg. and proposals Standards Select preferred options Publish unresolved issues Publish resolved issues (with options, preferred option, justification) EPPR group discussion Publish proposals Page 12

  13. Detail: Selection of preferred options Start ‘Select preferred options’ UN legislation(L/M, 1998, 1958) Regional legislation(EU, USA, Japan, India,China, other) Standards(ISO, BS, IEC, EN, etc.) Define order of priority of legislative sources Order options according to these priorities Technical expertise Assess options: Start from top until a viable option is identified Questionnaire results Stakeholder input Contracting parties No viable option identified: Requires further EPPR group input Justify selection End ‘Select preferred options’ Page 13

  14. Contents 1 Introduction to the study Priority and structure of future legislation 2 3 4 Development of proposals by TRL and Ecorys Issues and options: Test types II and V Page 14

  15. Test type II – Idle emissions • Compression ignition (CI) engines • Include free acceleration test procedure • Hybrid vehicles • Include provisions for hybrid vehicles • Bi-fuel vehicles • Test on both fuels • Exempt emergency tanks? • Idling speed adjustment • Require measurements at all possible settings? • Test equipment • Requirements and calibration as for test type I or in-service testing? • Measured parameters • Add HC and O2? Page 15 Focus for test type II currently put on UN GTR No. 2

  16. Test type V – Durability of pollution control devices • Driving schedules • US AMA • EU SRC-LeCV • Alternative selection • Emissions tests • Number of type I test points • Number of tests at each test point • Periodically regenerating pollution control systems • Test distances • US or EU • Link to driving schedule • Test equipment • Dynamometer • Test track • Reduced mileage accumulation • Partial mileage accumulation • Mathematical procedure • Hybrid vehicles • Operating mode • Battery charging frequency Page 16 Analysis currently focussed on EU REPPR, US CFR and UN R83

  17. Thank you Presented by: Andrew Nathanson and Matthias Seidl, TRLL-EPPR: 07th June 2013 Andrew Nathanson: anathanson@trl.co.uk +44 (0)1344 77-0504 Matthias Seidl: mseidl@trl.co.uk +44 (0)1344 77-0549 General email address for project team: int-l-cat-leg@trl.co.uk Page 17

  18. Annexes • Key Dates • Milestones past • Future • Issues and optionspreviously presented • Classification of vehicles • Test type I – Emissions after cold start • Test type III – Crankcase emissions • Test type IV – Evaporative emissions Page 18

  19. Key dates: Milestones past Page 19 • December 2012: Publicising study Email to stakeholders • 10 January 2013 Questionnaire published by Ecorys and TRL • 18 January 2013: GRPE (65th session)  & EPPR (1st session)1st meeting of the L-EPPR group, review among others: Rules of Procedure (RoP), Terms of Reference (ToR) & Draft roadmap • 12 – 15 March 2013: WP.29 (159th session) Progress report • 25 – 26 April 2013: EPPR (2nd session) Review: RoP, ToR, Mandate, RoadmapDiscuss: Configuration of new legislation • From 2nd – 3rd EPPR conference calls  Conference calls to discuss ToR, RoP, Mandate and roadmap

  20. Key dates: Future Page 20 • 4-7 June 2013: GRPE (66th session) & EPPR (3rd session) Adoption of RoP, ToR & roadmap • 12-15 November 2013: WP.29 (161th session)Adoption of GRPE decision and progress report • Autumn 2013: EPPR (4th session)Begin main work • 2013-2016: Multiple EPPR group and subgroup meetings and/or conference callsRegularly reporting to GRPE and the Administrative Committees AC.1 and AC.3 in WP29 • 2014-2016: Adopt new and/or amendments to UN Reg(s) and GTR(s); • 2016+Regions accede to agreed updated legislation

  21. Classification of vehicles • Classification • Align category limits with EU: Max. speed, power and mass? • Add categorisation parameters: Dimensions, seating positions and power limits? • Define further sub-categories based on GTR No 2 or European system? • Include quadricycles in category 3 (S.R.1), i.e. create categories 3-6 and 3-7? • Scope • Exclude slow moving vehicles, vehicles for the physically handicapped etc. from categories L/3? • Definitions • Reference test procedures for max. speed and power? • Insert definitions? • Vehicle masses and dimensions • ‘Engine cylinder capacity’ • Additional terms for Regulations and GTRs Page 21 UN Resolution R.E.3 defines categories L1 to L7 (1958 agreement) UN Resolution S.R.1 defines categories 3-1 to 3-5 (1998 agreement)

  22. Test type I – Cold start emissions • Updates to Technology • Power in test configuration • Pure electric vehicles • Hybrid vehicles • Alternative fuel sources • E5, B5, E85, LPG, NG, Hydrogen, and H2NG mixtures • Vehicle scope • <50 cm3 and 3 & 4 wheels • Emission measurement • Addition of PM measurement • Update of HC method • Calibration • Harmonised test fuel • Petrol: E5, E10, USA, Japan • Diesel: B5, USA, Japan • Ethanol: E75, E85 • Harmonisation with other vehicles test requirements • Reference temperature • Cooling fan • Inertia, air resistance • WLTP, VPSD • General fixes • Reference updated documents • Typographical and wording • Clarity and ordering The 1st session on the EPPR group emphasised prioritising UN GTR No. 2. This currently contains test types I, II and VII Page 22

  23. Test type III – Crankcase emissions • General options • Do nothing (are crankcase emissions important?). • Perform a Type III test. • Perform a Type III test only deemed necessary (at TAA’s discretion). • Type III tests (from REPPR) • Base test – at 3 steady states, ensure crankcase pressure does not exceed atmospheric pressure. If failed then: • Additional test, option 1 – fit a bag to a suitable take-off and check it does not inflate during the 3 steady state tests. • Additional test, option 2 – pressurise the crankcase to 50 kPa and monitor for 900 seconds. (15 minutes) • Alternative options • Can a test be performed during the Type I test? For example, fit a bag to the engine and ensure it does not inflate over the Type I test. Not currently tested for L-cats Page 23

  24. Test type IV – Evaporative emissions • General options • Do nothing (unrealistic). • Set a fixed procedure (would be difficult to agree). • Provide a list of stages covering the basic to the most advanced test procedure. • Test cycles option Test cycle needed for preconditioning for the hot soak test and for test for running loss test. • Specify the test cycle to use in the test. • Do not specify the cycle, simply refer to the Type I test. • Test fuel • Specify the reference fuel to be used in the test. • Refer to the reference fuel used for the Type I test. Not currently tested for L-cats in EU. Permeation test in USA plus SHED test in California Page 24

  25. Test type IV – Evaporative emissions Proposal – create a new GTR containing a list of stages, e.g. Page 25

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