Alliteration

1. Alliteration • the repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close to one another. • Example • She sells sea shells.

2. Assonance • the repetition of vowel sounds in words that are close to one another. • Example • The tide rises…

3. Onomatopoeia words whose sounds imitate or suggest their meaning • Example • Bang Buzz Pop Splash

4. Hyperbole Exaggeration for effect Example That turkey stuck his head out of the mailbox a million times.

5. Simile a figure of speech comparing two seemingly unlike things by using the words like or as. Example The broken glass shown like diamonds. I wandered lonely as a cloud…

6. Metaphor a figure of speech comparing two seemingly unlike things Example She is a sheep, a follower, a girl who never thinks for herself.

7. Implied Metaphor a metaphor that compares two things by using the qualities of the object to describe the subject. Example She never says anything original; she just bleats and baas.

8. Personification a kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is talked about as if it were human Example The flower raised its face to the sun.

9. Extended Metaphor a metaphor that is repeated throughout the poem or story Example “The Road Not Taken”– Robert Frost “Shall I compare the to a Summer’s Day”–William Shakespeare

10. Allusion A reference to history, art, culture, or a work of literature Example My father-in-law is the Orpheus of Cadillacs.

11. = iamb = anapest = spondee (to•night) (pen•guin) =trochee (dou•ble) (un•der•stand) = pyrrhus (can•a•da) (as he) = dactyl = unstressed Rhythmic Feet = stressed

12. Meter Monometer = one foot per line Dimeter = two feet per line Trimeter = three feet per line Tetrameter = four feet per line Pentameter = five feet per line Hexameter = six feet per line Heptameter = seven feet per line Octameter = eight feet per line

13. Iambic Pentameter Five iambic feet per line da dum, da dum, da dum, da dum, da dum Example Shall I compare thee to a summers day

14. Common Meter One line of iambic tetrameter da dum, da dum, da dum, da dum One line of iambic trimeter da dum, da dum, da dum Examples “Amazing Grace” The theme to Gilligan’s Island

15. Free Verse Verse with no set pattern of rhythm or meter. It may rhyme, but often doesn’t. Free verse depends on the natural rhythm created by the sounds of its words to create cadence.

16. Finding the Rhythm and Meter • Read the poem. Out loud is best. Listen for a pattern. • Look at the first line. Determine which words are naturally emphasized (stressed.) • Mark the stressed words with a • Look for a pattern. You may have to adjust some of your stressed syllables to make the pattern work. • Mark the unstressed syllables with • Divide the syllables into feet. Determine the type of foot and the number. • Ex. Five iambs = iambic pentameter

17. Stanza two or more lines with a pattern of meter or rhyme Couplet = two lines Tercet / triplet = three lines Quatrain = four lines Cinquain = five lines Sestet =six lines Octave = eight lines

18. Types of Rhyme End Rhyme – the final sound of a line of poetry rhymes with the final sound of another line in the same poem. Internal Rhyme – a sound in the middle of a line that rhymes with another sound in the poem. Approximate Rhyme – a words that don’t truly rhyme, but the poet has structured the poem so that it seems that they should.

19. Identifying Rhyme Scheme and Stanza • Look at the final sound in the first line of the poem. Label this sound “a”. • Look at the final sound in the next line of the poem. If it is the same as the first label it “a;” if it is different label it “b.” • Look at the next line. Same idea as above. • Once you have identified all the lines, use the rhyme scheme to divide the poem into stanzas.

20. Lyric Poetry/ Narrative Poetry Lyric Poetry – discusses an idea or single incident Narrative poetry – tells a story

21. Types of Poetry Ballad – a narrative poem, traditionally sung Epic – a long narrative poem about heroes and their heroic deeds Sonnet – a fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme English/Shakespearean Sonnet – Three quatrains and a couplet Italian Sonnet – one octave and one sestet.

22. Imagery • the use of words to create a sensory experience. • Examples • “The woods are lovely, dark, and deep…” • “And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,”

23. Symbol something (usually an image) that stands for something else • Example • the ring in • The Lord of the Rings trilogy

24. Repetition • the reuse of a word, symbol, or phrase to create rhythm or emphasis. • Example • The word nevermore in “The Raven”

25. Theme the statement a piece of writing makes about an idea alwaysa complete sentence applies to real life Example The Lord of the Rings Power corrupts.