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The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages. An Overview. Alaric I at the Sack of Rome (410). a violent, dangerous world. I. Effects of the collapse of Roman Civilization. Decline of trade and cities (de-urbanization) Loss of literacy and a common language Personal ties replaced the concept of citizenship

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The Middle Ages

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  1. The Middle Ages An Overview

  2. Alaric I at the Sack of Rome (410)

  3. a violent, dangerous world

  4. I. Effects of the collapse of Roman Civilization • Decline of trade and cities (de-urbanization) • Loss of literacy and a common language • Personal ties replaced the concept of citizenship • Christianity spread and emerged as the only unifying element • Missionaries (St. Patrick, Augustine of England) • Political “conversions” (Clovis) • Monastic life (Benedictine Rule)

  5. Charlemagne: First Holy Roman Emperor

  6. II. Feudal Society: Reciprocity • “Estates” • Those who work (serfs and burghers) • Those who fight • Those who pray • Lords and vassals • Serfdom

  7. Knights

  8. Serfs

  9. Monks and Nuns

  10. Christendom

  11. Hell was very Real “How can we avoid going there?”

  12. Obsession with sin, salvation and the final judgment

  13. Religions in the West 1200 AD

  14. III. Problems in the Church: Simony and Worldly Lives of the Clergy

  15. The Investiture Controversy • Who is more powerful, pope or emperor? • Who should appoint (invest) bishops?

  16. Henry IV begging at Canossa

  17. Problem: Heresy. Solution: INQUISITION

  18. Pope Urban II wants more power for the Church, preaches the 1st Crusade

  19. The “threat” of Islam

  20. First Crusade to “free” the Holy Land • Map 9.2: The First Crusade, 1096–1098 (p. 354)

  21. Siege of Jerusalem

  22. IV. Effects of the Crusades on Europe • New military technique and technology. • New ideas to use on each other (100 years war) • Strengthened the power of kings and the middle class • Exchange of ideas and goods • Revival of trade

  23. Death comes for everyone…

  24. Death is Coming… 1348-1500

  25. Bubonic Plague

  26. V. The Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism • Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377) • Papal seat moved to Avignon, France • Suspicion of French control over the Church • Great Schism (1378-1417) • Mutual excommunication by French and Italian popes • Two series of popes until 1417 • Resulted in suspicion of popes and the church generally.

  27. End

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