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Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures. International Flight Inspection Symposium Oklahoma City, OK USA June 2008. Ivan Ferencz CAA Slovakia. Overview. Introduction Procedure Lifecycle Design as a process

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Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

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  1. Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures International Flight Inspection Symposium Oklahoma City, OK USA June 2008 Ivan FerenczCAA Slovakia

  2. Overview • Introduction • Procedure Lifecycle • Design as a process • Factors affecting the design • Known issues • Conclusions Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  3. Introduction • Conventional Procedures • navigation systems are periodically flight-tested and eventual defect of the procedure is discovered as a part of such tests • RNAV Procedures • No direct link to particular navigation system • Data related • Risk mitigation effect of physical presence of signal in space is inhibited Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  4. Procedure Lifecycle (1) • Airspace re-design • New NAVAIDs • Decommission of NAVAIDs • New operations Communication between Originator and Designer Communication between Designer and Regulator Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  5. Procedure Lifecycle (2) Procedure publication No responsibility of State beyond this point Procedure distribution Procedure execution Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  6. Procedure Lifecycle (3) • When to perform Flight inspection: • After Design • Flight Inspection Report is used as one of inputs of Validation • During Validation • Flight Inspection is used as one of validation tools • Before Publication • Flight inspection is used to obtain approval of AIP Amendment • At the user level • Flight inspection is used to confirm usability of procedure • standard FMS Database • customized FMS Database Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  7. Design as a Process (1) Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  8. Design as a Process (2) Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  9. Design as a Process (3) Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  10. Factors affecting the Design Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  11. Known Issues (1) • Height above THR • 15.0m versus RDH • Length of Segments • Minimum Stabilisation Distance • Optimum length T-Bar (Y-Bar) • Descent and Climb Gradients • Boundaries of the design • Application of the Earth curvature • FAF location Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  12. Known Issues (2) • Segments Overlap • Interfaces between segments • FAF in precision procedure • FAP versus FAF • GP verification point • Missing data • Distinction from the Stepdown Fix Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  13. Known Issues (3) • Stepdown Fix Altitude Intermediate altitude MAPt Descent gradient / stabilised descent path Missed Approach SDF (Stepdown Fix) FAF (Final Approach Fix) OCA 15.0m MAPt Intermediate altitude Descent gradient / stabilised descent path Missed Approach FAF (Final Approach Fix) OCA SDF (Stepdown Fix) 15.0m Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  14. Known Issues (4) • NAVAIDs Performance • ILS Coverage • 17/25NM versus 10/18NM, GP coverage • Early phases of Departures • Minimum Equipment List • Intersections • Number of waypoints • Slow Aircraft • Track discontinuity after turns Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  15. Known Issues (5) • Missed Approach Text • More than one missed approach in procedure • Speed restrictions • Speed limitations below PANS-Ops Margins • Lower speed / higher bank combination • ARINC 424 Coding • Coding Advice versus Real Database Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  16. Known Issues (6) • Departure End of Runway • End of Runway used instead of End of Clearway • Environmental Aspects • Procedure might generates noise problem • Magnetic Variation • Magnetic Variation is not accommodated • Rounding to the nearest whole degree Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  17. Conclusions (1) • Huge amount of safety sensitive work lies on shoulders of sole person -instrument procedure designer • flight inspection of procedures represents a barrier, which mitigates risks associated with the instrument procedures design • Effectiveness of such risk mitigation strongly depends on skills of flight inspectors Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  18. Conclusions (2) • Having in mind continuous transformation of flight inspection from flight inspection of systems to flight inspection of procedures, flight inspectors should become experts in instrument procedures design Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

  19. Thank you for your attention. Identifying the Achilles’ Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

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