Chapter 4 Lesson 5 Physical Activity Injuries

1. Chapter 4 Lesson 5Physical Activity Injuries • Objectives • Identify weather-related risks associated with various physical activities. • Analyze strategies for preventing and responding to accidental injuries related to physical activity. • Identify physical activity injuries requiring professional health services for people of all ages.

2. Weather Related Risks • Temperatures can be extremely high or extremely low. • Factors like wind, humidity, and air pollution can increase your risk of injury. • Also pay attention for weather warning for tornados, thunderstorms, or blizzards.

3. Hot Weather Risks • Heat Cramps – muscle spasms that result from a loss of large amounts of salt and water through perspiration. • Heatstroke – a condition in which the body loses the ability to rid itself of excess heat through perspiration. • This causes Hyperthermia – a sudden increase in body temperature. • Overexertion – over working the body. This is related to hot weather problems. • Example is heat exhaustion, cold clammy skin, dizziness, headache, shortness of breathe.

4. Cold Weather Risks • Frostbite - a condition that results when body tissue becomes frozen. • Early signs called frost nip, this is when skin becomes white. • Hypothermia – a condition in which the body temperature becomes dangerously low. • The brain can not function and the body systems begin to shut down.

5. Cold Weather Risks, Protection • Dress in 3 layers • Pull moisture away from body. • Provide insulation. • To keep wind out. • 70% of the body’s heat is lost through the head. • During cold weather activities start slow and be sure to warm up your muscles. • It is just as important to stay hydrated in cold weather as warm weather.

6. Protecting yourself from the Sun • Sunburn – is the burning of the outer layers of the skin. • Prolonged exposure to the sun can speed up the skins aging process and increase the risk of developing skin cancer. • The most dangerous hours for UV exposure are from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm.

7. Protecting yourself from the Sun • Cover as must as your body as possible when outside and wear broad-brimmed hats. • Use sunscreen and lip balm of at least 15 SPF. • Apply sunscreen 30 minutes before going outside and every 2 hours that you are in the sun. • Also put sunscreen on again after swimming.

8. Minor Injuries • Muscle Cramp – is a spasm or sudden tightening of a muscle. • Strain – a condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon. • Sprain – is a injury to the ligament surrounding a joint.

9. Treatment for Minor Injuries • R.I.C.E. • Rest - avoid using the affected joint. • Ice – this helps to reduce swelling. Ice for 20 minutes then remove for 20 minutes. • Compression – light pressure through the use of an elastic bandage can help to reduce swelling. • Elevation – Raise the affect limb above the level of the heart to reduce pain and swelling.

10. Major Injuries • Fracture and Dislocations – fractures are any break in a bone. Fractures require immobilization to heal. Dislocations are when a bone is forced from it normal position in a joint. • Tendonitis – condition in which the tendons are stretched and torn from overuse. • Concussion – is a result from a blow to the head and can cause swelling of the brain, resulting in unconsciousness or even death.

11. Lesson 5 Review Questions • What is hypothermia? With which types of weather is this condition often associated? • Analyze and describe strategies for preventing muscle soreness after a workout. • Identify which injuries described in this lesson require the attention of professional health services.