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Lecture Outline

Lecture Outline. Factors that influence aggression (con’t) arousal alcohol aggressive cues violent media Reducing aggression. Causes of Aggression. 1. Narcissistic Personality 2. Aversive (unpleasant) situations 3. Physiological arousal. Arousal. Excitation-Transfer Theory

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Lecture Outline

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  1. Lecture Outline Factors that influence aggression (con’t) arousal alcohol aggressive cues violent media Reducing aggression

  2. Causes of Aggression • 1. Narcissistic Personality • 2. Aversive (unpleasant) situations • 3. Physiological arousal

  3. Arousal • Excitation-Transfer Theory • Physiological arousal dissipates slowly • Arousal caused by 1st event can be misattributed to 2nd event cp

  4. Bridge StudyDutton & Aron (1974) Low Bridge High Bridge High arousal Low arousal

  5. Bridge StudyDutton & Aron (1974) • Arousal caused by high bridge misattributed as sexual attraction • Men on high bridge: • Called experimenter more • Stories had more sexual content cp

  6. Excitation Transfer Theory • Misattribution occurs unconsciously • Misattribution more likely when people believe arousal of first event has worn off, when it actually hasn’t • This theory may explain why hot temperatures increase aggression cp

  7. Causes of Aggression • 1. Narcissistic Personality • 2. Aversive (unpleasant) situations • 3. Physiological arousal • 4. Alcohol

  8. Alcohol • Strong correlation between • alcohol use and violent crimes

  9. Did they believe they were drinking alcohol • Yes • No • Did they actually drink alcohol • Yes • 25% • 25% • No • 25% • 25% Typical Experimental Design cp

  10. Findings • Believe drinking alcohol and are drinking alcohol • Are • drinking alcohol Believe drinking alcohol Most aggressive Aggressive Aggressive cp

  11. Causes of Aggression • 1. Narcissistic Personality • 2. Aversive (unpleasant) situations • 3. Physiological arousal • 4. Alcohol • 5. Aggressive cues -weapons -violent media

  12. Aggressive Cues • 1. Weapons • “Guns do not only permit violence, they can stimulate it as well. The finger pulls the trigger, but the trigger may also be pulling the finger.” (Berkowitz, 1968)

  13. Contents on Adjacent Table • Revolver & Shotgun • Sporting equipment • Number of Shocks • Given to Participant • 1 • 25% • 25% • 10 • 25% • 25% Weapon StudyBerkowitz & Le Page (1967) cp

  14. Weapon StudyBerkowitz & Le Page (1967) 10 shocks + Weapons Table 10 shocks + Sports Table More Shocks Fewer Shocks WeaponsEffect cp

  15. Rifle • + • Vengeance Bumper • Sticker • Rifle • + • Friend Bumper • Sticker • No Rifle • + • No Bumper Sticker Honking StudyTurner et al. (1975) ____ Honked ____ Honked ____ Honked You fill in the percentage of people who honked cp

  16. Aggressive Cues • 1. Weapons • 2. Violent media

  17. Amount TV children watched at age 8 correlated with number violent crimes committed by age 30 • Violent media affects some people more than others • The effects of TV violence accumulate cp

  18. Violent Porn AggressionThe Anecdotal Evidence • Aggressors report that their • violence against women caused by violent pornography • (e.g., Ted Bundy) • Violent pornography especially likely to increase aggression

  19. Violent Porn AggressionThe Empirical Evidence Sales soft-core magazines Rates of rape in all 50 states Non-violent pornography Aggression Violent pornography cp

  20. Reducing Aggression • What doesn’t work: • Viewing violence • Verbal expression of anger • Displacing aggression to inanimate objects

  21. Reducing Aggression • What does work: • Delay • Distraction • Relax • Incompatible response cp

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