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Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)

Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules). Module 15 Waking and Sleeping Rhythms James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers. Waking Consciousness. Consciousness our awareness of ourselves and our environments. Waking Consciousness. Selective Attention

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Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)

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  1. Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules) Module 15 Waking and Sleeping Rhythms James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers

  2. Waking Consciousness • Consciousness • our awareness of ourselves and our environments

  3. Waking Consciousness • Selective Attention • focusing of consciousness on a particular stimulus • as in the cocktail party effect

  4. Sleep and Dreams • Biological Rhythms • periodic physiological fluctuations • Circadian Rhythm • the biological clock • regular bodily rhythms, such as of wakefulness and body temperature, that occur on a 24-hour cycle

  5. Sleep and Dreams • REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep • recurring sleep stage • vivid dreams • “paradoxical sleep” • muscles are generally relaxed, but other body systems are active • Sleep • periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness

  6. Sleep and Dreams • Measuring sleep activity

  7. Brain Waves and Sleep Stages • Alpha Waves • slow waves of a relaxed, awake brain • Delta Waves • large, slow waves of deep sleep • Hallucinations • false sensory experiences

  8. Awake Sleep stages 1 2 3 REM 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hours of sleep Stages in a Typical Night’s Sleep

  9. Minutes of Stage 4 and REM Decreasing Stage 4 25 20 15 Increasing REM 10 5 0 1 2 5 6 7 8 3 4 Hours of sleep Stages in a Typical Night’s Sleep

  10. Sleep Deprivation • Effects of Sleep Loss • fatigue • impaired concentration • depressed immune system • greater vulnerability to accidents

  11. Accident frequency More sleep, fewer accidents Less sleep, more accidents 2,800 2,700 4,200 2,600 4000 2,500 3,800 2,400 3,600 Spring time change (hour sleep loss) Fall time change (hour sleep gained) Monday before time change Monday after time change Sleep Deprivation

  12. Sleep Disorders • Insomnia • persistent problems in falling or staying asleep • Narcolepsy • uncontrollable sleep attacks • Sleep Apnea • temporary cessation of breathing during sleep • momentary reawakenings

  13. Night Terrors and Nightmares • Night Terrors • occur within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, usually during Stage 4 • high arousal-- appearance of being terrified • seldom remembered

  14. Dreams: Freud • Dreams • sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind • hallucinatory imagery • discontinuities • incongruities • delusional acceptance of the content • difficulties remembering

  15. Dreams: Freud • Sigmund Freud--The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) • wish fulfillment • discharge otherwise unacceptable feelings • Manifest Content • remembered story line • Latent Content • underlying meaning

  16. Dreams • As Information Processing • helps facilitate memories • As a Physiological Function • periodic brain stimulation • REM Rebound • REM sleep increases following REM sleep deprivation

  17. Sleep Across the Lifespan

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