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Elbow, Forearm, Wrist and Hand

Elbow, Forearm, Wrist and Hand. Elbow. Bones: Humerus: only bone of the arm Landmarks: medial and lateral epicondyles, olecranon fossa, capitulum (articulation with the radius), trochlea (articulation with the ulna). Ulna: bone on the pinkie (medial) side of forearm

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Elbow, Forearm, Wrist and Hand

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  1. Elbow, Forearm, Wrist and Hand

  2. Elbow • Bones: • Humerus: only bone of the arm • Landmarks: medial and lateral epicondyles, olecranon fossa, capitulum (articulation with the radius), trochlea (articulation with the ulna)

  3. Ulna: bone on the pinkie (medial) side of forearm • Landmarks: olecranon process, radial notch • Radius: bone on the thumb (lateral) side of forearm • Landmarks: radial head

  4. Ligaments: • Ulnar collateral: prevents valgus force (think of it as MCL of knee) • Radial collateral: prevents varus force (think of it as LCL of knee) • Annular ligament: circular ligament encompassing the radius, allows for rotation of radius while holding it securely to the ulna

  5. Bursae • Bicipital bursa: anterior aspect of elbow, cushions the bicep • Olecranon bursa: posterior aspect of elbow, cushions between olecranon process and the skin

  6. Muscles • Elbow flexion • Brachialis, brachioradialis, biceps brachii • Elbow extension • Triceps brachii

  7. Nerves: • Ulnar nerve: passes posterior to the medial epicondyle “hitting your funny bone”

  8. Joint Mechanics • Elbow: hinge joint between ulna and humerus • Allows for flexion and extension • Joint between ulna and radius (radio-ulnar) • Allows for pronation and supination of the forearm

  9. Forearm • Bones: Radius and ulna held together by interosseus membrane • Landmarks: radial and ulnar styloid processes

  10. Radioulnar joint • Proximal allows for pronation and supination • Distal connects the radius and ulna at the wrist

  11. Muscles • Anterior (flexors) • Flexor digitorum superficialis • Flexor digitorum profundus • Flexor carpi ulnaris • Flexor carpe radialis • Flexor pollicus longus • Pronator teres ** flexor tendons originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus

  12. Muscles cont. • Posterior (extensors) • Extensor digitorum communis • Extensor carpi radialis longus • Extensor carpi radialis brevis • Extensor carpi ulnaris • Extensor pollicus longus ** extensors origiante on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

  13. Wrist and Hand • Basic Anatomy • Bones • Distal radius and ulna (styloid process) • Carpals: 8 bones of wrist • Scapoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate • Metacarpals: 5 bones of hand • Phalanges: 14 bones of fingers

  14. Carpal tunnel: tunnel formed by carpal bones and closed off by the transverse carpal ligament. Nerves, blood vessels and muscles pass through this tunnel. • Wrist joint: joint between distal radius and ulna and the carpal bones • Movements: flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation

  15. Joints of Fingers and Hand • Carpometacarpal joint (CM) • Metacarpo-phalangeal (MP) • Interphalangeal (IP) • Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) • Distal Interphalangeal (DIP)

  16. Ligaments of Wrist • Ulnar collateral: from styloid process of wrist to triquetrum • Radial collateral: from styloid process of radius to scaphoid • Transverse carpal ligament: closes off carpal tunnel

  17. Muscles and Tendons • The extrinsic muslces and tendons of the hand and fingers originate in the forearm. See the muscles listed for the forearm • Muscles of the thumb • Extensor pollicus longus • Extensor pollicus brevis • Abductor pollicus longus • Flexor pollicus brevis

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