Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems Initiative May 2005, ITS America Annual Meeting

1. Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance SystemsInitiativeMay 2005, ITS America Annual Meeting Mike Schagrin ITS Joint Program Office U.S. Department of Transportation

2. Why The Concern About Intersections • In 2003, approximately: • 9500 FATALITIES • 1,300,000 INJURIES • 2,600,000 CRASHES • Cost to society  $100 Billion

3. Intersection Problem Areas Being Addressed • Gap assistance • Stop sign and signal violations • Left turn across path of on-coming traffic • Stop sign movement assist

4. Accident Causal Factors • Impaired drivers • Aggressive drivers • Inexperienced / Elderly drivers • Obstructed vision (limited sight lines) • Other (Presence of peds, bicyclers, poor weather, etc.)

5. Warn the Driver Modify Signal Timing Partial Vehicle Control Full Vehicle Control Range Of Possible Countermeasures

6. CICAS Program Goals • To develop and demonstrate cooperative intersection collision avoidance systems • To assess the value and acceptance of cooperative collision avoidance systems • To develop and provide tools to support industry deployments

7. DAIMLERCHRYSLER DaimlerChrysler Research and Technology North America, Inc. CICAS PartnersPublic / Private/Academia

8. Vehicle-To-Vehicle Communications Countermeasure • High DSRC market penetration • Minimal infrastructure • Violation and Gap applications Gap Assist Countermeasure Warning of crashes in the intersection box due to distance misjudgments Traffic Signal/Stop Sign Countermeasure Warning of a potential violation and crash Progression of CICAS Applications Complexity, Comprehensiveness Time

9. CICAS Concepts

10. Cooperative Violation Countermeasure Concepts • The basic capability is for the vehicle to provide stop sign and traffic signal violation warnings • The intersection could provide an infrastructure based countermeasure (e.g., adjust signal timing) resulting from the vehicle sending a warning notification • The vehicle could exert some type of vehicular control countermeasure

11. Geometric Map • Signal Controller Info • Differential Correction • Road Surface Conditions Current phase Time to phase change Roadside Unit Vehicle System • DSRC • Processor • DGPS • Intersection Map • DSRC • Safety Processor • GPS • Vehicle Sensors Infrastructure to Vehicle Cooperative Violation Countermeasure Scenario • Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) • Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) • Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI)

12. Signal Violation Warning: Vehicle Approaching Example Scenario

13. Geometric Map • Signal Controller Info • Differential Correction • Road Surface Conditions Signal timing adjustments Roadside Unit Vehicle System • DSRC • Processor • DGPS • Intersection Map • DSRC • Safety Processor • GPS • Vehicle Sensors • Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) Infrastructure to Vehicle Vehicle to Infrastructure • Alert issued • Dynamic Info Cooperative Violation Countermeasure Scenario Current phase Time to phase change

14. Areas of R&D for Violation Countermeasures Violation Countermeasures • Wireless Communication (DSRC) • Human Factors • DVI • Traffic Control Interface • Threat Assessment • Positioning Enhancement

15. Gap Assist Countermeasure Concept • Gap assist builds upon the violation concepts and technologies and adds stop sign and left turn gap assistance • Countermeasures include both in-vehicle and infrastructure-based warnings • Vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and bicyclists are addressed • Additional vehicle control capabilities will also be investigated

16. Dynamic Intersection Mapping • Geometric Map • Signal Controller Info Roadside Unit Vehicle System • DSRC • Processor • DGPS • Intersection Map • DSRC • Safety Processor • GPS • Vehicle Sensors • DVI Vehicle to Infrastructure • Alert issued • Dynamic Info Intersection Sensors Gap Assist Countermeasure Scenario • Dynamic Objects • Geometric Map • Signal Controller Info • Differential Correction • Road Surface Conditions Infrastructure to Vehicle • Sensor Fusion

17. Dynamic Mapping Example

18. Dynamic Intersection Mapping • Geometric Map • Signal Controller Info Roadside Unit Vehicle System • DSRC • Processor • DGPS • Intersection Map • DSRC • Safety Processor • GPS • Vehicle Sensors • DVI Vehicle to Infrastructure • Alert issued • Dynamic Info Gap Assist Countermeasure Scenario • Dynamic Objects • Geometric Map • Signal Controller Info • Differential Correction • Road Surface Conditions Infrastructure to Vehicle • Sensor Fusion • DVI (gap assist) Intersection Sensors

19. Areas of R&D for Gap Assist Countermeasures Violation Countermeasures Gap Assist Countermeasures • Wireless Comm. (DSRC) • Human Factors • DVI • Traffic Control Interface • Threat Assessment • Positioning Enhancement • refinement • Human Factors • DVI (gap), DII • Conflict resolution • Not Applicable • Threat Assessment (gap) • Sensor/data fusion • Dynamic Intersection Mapping • refinement

20. Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications Research • Research effort, specifically examining the creation of a dynamic intersection mapping capability by vehicle to vehicle communications • Implementation of such a system would require significant DSRC market penetration and therefore is not envisioned as a near term deployment option • Such a system could extend capability to both uninstrumented intersections and other non-intersection applications

21. Real World Testing Real World Testing (DII) Real World Testing (DVI) Concept of Operations Gap Demo (DII) Gap Demo (DVI) 2 Years 7/04 3/05 11/05 7/06 3/07 11/07 7/08 3/09 11/09 2 Years CICAS Roadmap Preparatory Analyses Prototyping (Violation) Prototyping (Gap) DVI Independent Evaluation Violation Demo (DVI) DVI – Driver Vehicle Interface DII – Driver Infrastructure Interface