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Chapter 9: Foundations of Group Behavior. LO 1. Groups. Groups can be either formal or informal. Formal groups Informal groups Social Identity Theory. LO 2. Group Development. LO 2. Group Effectiveness. LO 3. Role.
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LO 1 Groups • Groups can be either formal or informal. • Formal groups • Informal groups • Social Identity Theory
LO 2 Group Development
LO 2 Group Effectiveness
LO 3 Role • a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit. • Role perception • Role expectations • Psychological contract • Role conflict
LO 4 Norms & Status • Norms – acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members. • Status – a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others. • Status characteristics theory
LO 5 Group Size • Group size affects the group’s overall behavior. • Large groups • Smaller groups • Social loafing – the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than alone.
LO 6 Cohesive Groups
LO 8 Group Decision Making • Strengths : • More complete information and knowledge • Increased diversity of views • Increased acceptance of solutions • Weaknesses : • Time consuming • Conformity pressures • Dominance of a few members • Ambiguous responsibility
LO 8 Grouthink & Groupshift • Groupthink – situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views. • Groupshift – a change between a group’s decision and an individual decision that a member within the group would make.
LO 9 Brainstorming &Nominal Group Technique • Brainstorming can overcome pressures for conformity. • The nominal group technique - restricts discussion or interpersonal communication during the decision making process.