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Chapter 6 The Arab Empire 632-661

Chapter 6 The Arab Empire 632-661. Maps and Charts 1. Muhammad died – no successor Followers chose Abu Bakr – his father-in-law over Ali his cousin and son-in-law – caliph (would cause conflict later).

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Chapter 6 The Arab Empire 632-661

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  1. Chapter 6The Arab Empire 632-661

  2. Maps and Charts 1

  3. Muhammad died – no successor • Followers chose Abu Bakr – his father-in-law over Ali his cousin and son-in-law – caliph (would cause conflict later)

  4. Under Abu, Arabs spread Islam and defeated Byzantium army at Syria – Jihad – “struggle for God” • Abu Bakr had little control over military commanders of the clans

  5. The Bedouin clans were more interested in “Booty” (that’s money y’all!) than spreading the Islamic faith

  6. The Byzantine and Persian (Sasanian) Empires were weak against the Arab invasions

  7. Abu Bakr dies – once again no successors • 1st 4 caliphs were assassinated – Uthman (3rd Caliph) was the 1st Umayyad caliph

  8. 4th caliph was Ali – Muhammad’s son-in-law (ruled for 5 years), but Umayyads were upset that Ali did not avenge Uthman’s murder.

  9. Umayyad Clan vs. Ali and his ally clan. • Umayyads proclaim Mu’awiya as Caliph • Ali is assassinated, and leaves Mu’awiya as Caliph • Husayn (Ali’s son) – Karbala – last struggle against Umayyads

  10. Islam splits • Shiite – only accept rulers who are descendants of Ali (supporters of Ali) • Sunni – accepted the Umayyads as rulers • Still source of conflict and division today!

  11. Empire TimeLine • Umayyad Dynasty (661-750) – split of Islam • Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258)

  12. The Umayyads • Matched the size of the Roman Empire • Fastest growing Empire • Moved capital from Medina to Damascus in Syria. • Built bureaucracy

  13. Empire was Arab conquest state • Only Muslim Arabs were first class citizens • Discouraged inter-marriage (tax reasons; didn’t work) • Mawali – Muslim converts in conquered areas (still had to pay taxes)

  14. Dhimmis (“people of the book”) – Arabs tolerated other religions • Few people would be converted during the Umayyad Dynasty

  15. Who Resented the Umayyads? • Muslim faithfuls who resented Umayyad’s corruptness • Warriors – did not receive share in the booty (it went directly to royal treasury)

  16. Abbasid party – led by al-Abbas (descendents of Muhammad’s uncle) • Shi’ites • Mawali

  17. The Fall of the Umayyad • Persia and Iraq fell to rebels • Then Syria and Damascus • Rebels eliminated the Umayyad family

  18. READ:Last Paragraph on pg 134!

  19. Abbasid Dynasty – 750 to 1258 • B/c of Umayyad’s corruption, Abu al-Abbas overthrew them • Built new capital - Baghdad

  20. On a piece of paper, draw a Venn Diagram like the one below: Shiite Sunni Pg. 129

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