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The Arab Empire of the Umayyads (661-750)

The Arab Empire of the Umayyads (661-750). Chapter 6 (parts 3+4 of 5). Umayyad Build Arab Empire. Umayyad clan in control, expand Arab empire. Umayyad empire not intent on spreading religion (not as religious as next empire). Arabs United by Abu Bakr.

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The Arab Empire of the Umayyads (661-750)

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  1. The Arab Empire of the Umayyads (661-750) Chapter 6 (parts 3+4 of 5)

  2. Umayyad Build Arab Empire Umayyad clan in control, expand Arab empire Umayyad empire not intent on spreading religion (not as religious as next empire)

  3. Arabs United by Abu Bakr Ridda Wars = Abu Bakr successfully defeats opposing Arab tribes This unites Arabs, and allows them to quickly expand their territory

  4. Arabs Successfully Expand Through War

  5. The Surrounding Empires

  6. Sasanian Empire Crumbling

  7. Arabs helped by people living in Byzantine Empire: Many Arabs living in Byzantine Empire helped Christians in Syria and Egypt helped (Byzantines taxed and persecuted them, Muslims would not Byzantine Empire Also Weak Byzantine Empire lasted a few hundred years longer, but was greatly weakened

  8. Problem of Succession Rears Its Ugly Head Uthman murdered in 656, sparking clan violence/civil war Caliph = Muslim ruler Uthman was Umayyad (rival of Muhammad) thus not very popular Most Muslims wanted Ali (Muhammad’s son-in-law) as caliph

  9. Battle of Siffin (657) Supporters angry at Ali and turn on him Ali about to defeat Umayyad at Battle of Siffin Ali persuaded to negotiate with Umayyad Umayyad now in full control of the Arab empire Ali assassinated and his son Hasan forced to give up claim to caliphate Umayyad name Mu’Awiya as next caliph

  10. Shia Sunni Vs.

  11. The Sunni-Shia (Shi’ite) Split In Karbala (in 680), Ali’s 2nd son, Husayn, killed by Umayyad (Sunni and Shia have fought ever since)

  12. Sunni Umayyad Expand Arab Empire Temporarily solving issue of succession, Umayyad expand Arab empire Build biggest empire since Rome, and control Spain to central Asia

  13. Charles Martel Arab advance into Europe stopped by Charles Martel at Poitiers

  14. Umayyad make Damascus capital of empire

  15. Arabs Control Non-Arabs Umayyad empire so large it controlled many non-Arabs and non-Muslims Muslims treated best in empire (first-class citizens No taxes on Muslims except the zakat (charity tax)

  16. Umayyad Stop Intermarriage Don’t want converts, less money in taxes coming in Kept warriors separated from populations so wouldn’t intermarry Too difficult to stop intermarriage Mawali = converts to Islam, still had to pay jizya (tax on non believers) So Umayyad weren’t focused on converting people to Islam Little incentive to convert, so most didn’t

  17. Dhimmis The non-Muslims

  18. Umayyad Women Women had more status in Umayyad empire than in areas it conquered Muhammad had preached treating women well Hadiths – traditions set by Muhammad (such as treating women well

  19. Discontent of Umayyad Grows Umayyad leaders living lavishly Stop fighting wars, build marble palaces Muslims getting very upset

  20. They’ve Got Some MERV

  21. The Abbasid Rise to Power

  22. End of Umayyad Battle on the River Zab (750) Abbasid defeat Umayyad, get Damascus, control Arab empire

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