Chapter 10, Part 2

1. Chapter 10, Part 2

2. John Adams- 2nd President • Washington’s VP • 1796: election b/w Adams and Jefferson • 71 votes to 68 • Jefferson becomes VP (12th amendment, 1804)

3. John Adams • New England support • Tactless and prickly intellectual aristocrat • Hamilton hated him- plot • “The most ruthless, impatient, artful, indefatigable and unprincipled intriguer in the United States, if not in the world,”

4. Unofficial Fighting in France • France angry about Jay’s Treaty: • Thought it was a step towards US/British treaty • Violated Treaty of Alliance of 1778

5. Unofficial Fighting in France • French warships began seizing American merchant vessels • About 300 by mid-1797

6. Adams- continues policy of Neutrality • Sent 3 men to negotiate with France • Hoped to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand • Instead X,Y, and Z • Demanded a $250,000 bribe for talking to Talleyrand

8. XYZ Affair • Americans outraged • “A million for defense, but not one cent for tribute”

9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw0KcA59_8s

10. Preparations for War • Navy Department created • US Marine Corps reestablished • 10,000 man army authorized • 1798-1800: undeclared war, fighting at sea in the Carribbean

11. Adams puts Patriotism above Party • France realized they really didn’t have money for a war • Communicated that they would be open to negotiations without bribery • Adams is actually really popular among the Federalists for once and they wanted war

12. 1799 • Sends an envoy to France to negotiate with Napoleon • Federalist war-haws (Hamilton) outraged • Most Americans happy

13. Convention of 1800 • Ended the Treaty of Alliance of 1778 • US agreed to pay damage claims of American shippers

14. Adams • Avoided war • Paved path for LA Purchase • “Here lies John Adams, who took upon himself the responsibility of peace with France in the year 1800”

15. The Federalist Witch Hunt • European immigrants to America- lacked wealth, scorned by Federalist party • Welcomed by Democratic-Republicans • Federalist Congress

16. Congress • Raised residence requirements from 5 to 14 years

17. Alien Laws • President empowered to deport dangerous foreigners in times of peace and to deport or imprison tem in times of hostilities • Technically it seemed like war with France imminent • Laws never really enforced

18. Sedition Act • Anyone who impeded the policies of the government or falsely defamed its officials would be liable to a fine and imprisonment • Was enforced, 10 Democratic-Republicans brought to trial and convicted

19. crimes • Matthew Lyon (congressman)- spit in the face of a Federalist, 4 months in jail • $100 fine for wishing a canon fired in honor of Adams had landed in the “seat of the president’s britches”

20. Sneaky Federalists • Wrote laws to expire in 1801 so couldn’t be used against them in the next election

21. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Virginia: Madison • Kentucky: Jefferson

22. Both stressed • A compact theory: • John Locke • States/individuals enter into a compact/contract with government • When federal government breaks contract, states have the right to fix it • Nullification • Adopted by Supreme Court in 1803

23. Election of 1800 Federalists Democratic-Republicans Weak central government Strict interpretation of the Constitution Opposed national bank Relatively free speech and press • Powerful central government • Loose interpretation of the Constitution • Powerful national bank • Restrictions on free speech and press

24. Compare the effect of Federalists and Democratic-Republican on the early republic.

25. http://ap.gilderlehrman.org/