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Chapters: 3

Chapters: 3. Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds. Phylum Chordata (Chordate). All have backbone Vertebrates – subphylum Shared Characteristics: Notochord Dorsal nerve chord Gill slits Endoskeleton Closed circulatory system. 1. Notochord.

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Chapters: 3

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  1. Chapters: 3 Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds

  2. Phylum Chordata (Chordate) • All have backbone • Vertebrates – subphylum • Shared Characteristics: • Notochord • Dorsal nerve chord • Gill slits • Endoskeleton • Closed circulatory system

  3. 1. Notochord • Rod of cells above the central nervous system (CNS) • Most chordates have as embryos • Develops into backbone

  4. 2. Dorsal Nerve Cord • Becomes a brain and spinal chord • hollow

  5. 3. Gill Slits • In embryo stage • Disappear except in fish

  6. 4. Endoskeleton • Internal skeleton • Advantage – ability to grow without molting

  7. 5. Closed Circulatory System • 2, 3,4 Chambered hearts • Benefit – more oxygen • Blood contained in blood vessels

  8. 5b. Chambered hearts

  9. 6. Other characteristics of Chordates • Complex nervous system • Varied locomotion • Tail extends beyond anus • Gills or lungs

  10. Vertebrate Classes

  11. Fish • Fish characteristics: • Aquatic (fresh and Salt) • Paired fins for movement • Scales • Gills • Various feeding methods (herbivores, carnivores, parasites, filter feeders)

  12. Fish Digestion • Pathway of food: • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach (partially broken down) • Pyloric cecum – secrete digestive enzymes and absorption

  13. Fish Digestion continued • Food does not pass through • Liver – • Pancreas – • Both secrete chemicals to break down food

  14. Fish Circulation • Closed circulatory system • 2 chambered heart • Atrium – oxygen poor blood from body • Ventricle – pumps blood to gills

  15. Fish sense organs • Have a well-developed brain • Eyes – color vision • Strong sense of taste and smell • Lateral line – sense motion of other fish

  16. Groups of Fish • Group 1:Jawless Fish • examples- lampreys and hagfish • - simplest • - cartilage • - tubular • - sucker mouth • Nostrils – only one • Produce slime • 7 gills – not covered • parasites

  17. Group 2: Cartilaginous Fish • Examples: sharks and rays • - cartilage skeleton • Tooth-like scales on skin • - jaws with 1000’s of teeth • - acute senses of vision, smell, and vibrations • - breathes by swimming • - internal fertilization

  18. Skates and Rays • Bottom feeders • Filter feeders • Vacuum like mouths

  19. Group 3: Bony Fish • largest group of fish • - skeleton of bone • - swim bladder- maintains depth • - external fertilization (spawning)

  20. Importance of Fish • ecology of water • - food source (Fish are friends not food-Bruce-Finding Nemo) • - hobby and sport

  21. Amphibians “Double Life”

  22. Characteristics of Amphibians • Live in water when young and to reproduce • Live on land as adults • Breath through skin • No scales • Have lungs • External fertilities!

  23. Additional Amphibian Characteristics • Ectotherms – organisms whose body temp is controlled by the outside temp. (cold blooded) • Dormant in cold environments

  24. More amphibian characteristics • Amphibians are the link between land and water animals

  25. Groups of Amphibians • Frogs and Toads • Short, broad bodies • Sing to attract males • Sticky tongue to catch food • Acute vision • Hearing – tympanic membrane, • Powerful hind legs

  26. Toads • Found in dryer environments

  27. Life cycle of frogs and toads

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