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Early Cinema

Early Cinema. Lecture 2. Basic Terms. Frame (2 senses) Parameters of the image One frame of a film strip Still image A photograph; each frame is a still image Production still vs. frame enlargement apparent motion and critical flicker fusion

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Early Cinema

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  1. Early Cinema Lecture 2

  2. Basic Terms • Frame (2 senses) • Parameters of the image • One frame of a film strip • Still image • A photograph; each frame is a still image • Production still vs. frame enlargement • apparent motion and critical flicker fusion • 24 frames per second (current) vs. 16-20 frames per second (in early cinema) • Sprockets • gauge

  3. Early Cinema 1895 Beginning of cinema • three precursors • Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904)—multiple cameras to capture motion • Étienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904)—invented chronophotography in the 1880s (recorded several phases of movement on one photographic surface) • Thomas Edison (inventor of the first kinetoscope1891) • Lumière brothers—responsible for the first public film screening in Paris on December 28th 1895 using the cinematograph (which functioned as a camera, projector, and printer—all in one)

  4. Eadweard Muybridge

  5. Muybridge Link to UC Riverside Museum • http://138.23.124.165/collections/permanent/object_genres/photographers/muybridge/

  6. Étienne Jules Marey: graphic method

  7. Étienne Jules Marey

  8. Étienne Jules Marey: chronophotography

  9. Muybridge’s projection device: the zoopraxiscope

  10. The Kinetoscope

  11. Kinetoscope parlor (circa 1894)

  12. The Cinematographe (Lumière)

  13. Cinematographe (cont.)

  14. Formal innovations 1:From the single shots to multiple shots, from still camera to moving camera • Single shots • Actualities, direct address, “the fourth wall” • Ex: Lumière, Edison • Moving camera • The “phantom” ride films • Ex: Lumière: “Leaving Jerusalem”; • Multi-shot “phantom” ride • Ex: G.A. Smith: “The Kiss in the Tunnel”

  15. Single shot: Lumière 1896

  16. Single shot: Lumière 1896

  17. Moving Camera: Phantom ridesLumière, 1896

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