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Soil

Objective: Describe what makes soil renewable and non-renewable. Describe the factors that make the price and cost of foods different. Catalyst: Why is soil erosion an issue for farmers? Why is soil erosion an issue for society? Homework: Study for chapter 9 & 10 test and make notecard.

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Soil

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  1. Objective: Describe what makes soil renewable and non-renewable. Describe the factors that make the price and cost of foods different.Catalyst: Why is soil erosion an issue for farmers? Why is soil erosion an issue for society?Homework: Study for chapter 9 & 10 test and make notecard

  2. Soil • Soil can be renewable • Develops through weathering at about 1 mm per year • Comes from bedrock erosion and decaying matter • Soil can be depleted • Plowing can cause erosion • Harvests remove organic material

  3. “Good” Soil • Abundant organic material nutrients • Drain slowly • Not too light (Blows away) • Not too compacted (no room for air) • Loam soils: a mixture of clay, silt, and sand

  4. Soil Fauna • Bacteria, algae and fungi decompose organic materials • Worms and nematodes aerate soil • Micorrhizal fungus provide water and nutrients to roots

  5. Water Erosion • Sheet erosion: top layer removed • Rill erosion: small “rivers” channel through soil • Gully erosion: Larger “rivers” of water

  6. Wind Erosion • Wind erosion and overgrazing can lead to desertification

  7. Soil Conservation • Contour plowing: Plowing across rather than down a hill • Strip farming: Farming “strips” of land in cycles to prevent all land being bare at once • Terracing: Creating level shelves to hold water and soil

  8. Other erosion prevention • Cover Crops • Plants planted after harvest to protect the soil • Rye, alfalfa, clover or mulch • Reduced tillage • Using methods that do not overturn soil

  9. Ch. 9 & 10 test Topics: • Nutritional deficiencies • GM foods: policies and methods • Food movements and beliefs • Sustainable practices: environmental, economic and social • Soil and Soil Conservation • Cost and Price of Food

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